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Pushing Up Lithium Storage through Nanostructured Polyazaacene Analogues as Anode†
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Q.Z. acknowledges financial support from AcRF Tier 1 (RG 16/12) and Tier 2 (ARC 20/12 and ARC 2/13) from MOE, and the CREATE program (Nanomaterials for Energy and Water Management) from NRF, Singapore. Q.Y. acknowledges Singapore MOE AcRF Tier 1 grants (RG2/13), and the Singapore National Research Foundation under CREATE program: EMobility in Megacities.
Abstract
According to the evidence from both theoretical calculations and experimental findings, conjugated ladder polymers containing large π-conjugated structure, a high number of nitrogen heteroatoms, and a multiring aromatic system, could be an ideal organic anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this report, we demonstrated that the nanostructured polyazaacene analogue poly(1,6-dihydropyrazino[2,3g]quinoxaline-2,3,8-triyl-7-(2H)-ylidene-7,8-dimethylidene) (PQL) shows high performance as anode materials in LIBs: high capacity (1750 mAh g−1, 0.05C), good rate performance (303 mAh g−1, 5C), and excellent cycle life (1000 cycles), especially at high temperature of 50 °C. Our results suggest nanostructured conjugated ladder polymers could be alternative electrode materials for the practical application of LIBs.