• Please log in or register to access this feature.

Research Article

You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article

Structure of the integument of southern right whales, Eubalaena australis

  1. Desray Reeb1,*,
  2. Peter Barrington Best1,
  3. Susan Hillary Kidson2

Article first published online: 21 MAY 2007

DOI: 10.1002/ar.20535

Issue

The Anatomical Record

The Anatomical Record

Special Issue: Anatomical Adaptations of Aquatic Mammals

Volume 290, Issue 6, pages 596–613, June 2007

Additional Information

How to Cite

Reeb, D., Best, P. B. and Kidson, S. H. (2007), Structure of the integument of southern right whales, Eubalaena australis. Anat Rec, 290: 596–613. doi: 10.1002/ar.20535

Author Information

  1. 1

    Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Cape Town, South Africa

  2. 2

    Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa

*52-65th Place, Long Beach, CA 90803

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 21 MAY 2007
  2. Article first published online: 21 MAY 2007
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 6 MAR 2007
  4. Manuscript Received: 2 MAR 2007

Funded by

  • National Research Foundation

SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

ARTICLE TOOLS

View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (1231K)

LITERATURE CITED

  • Ackman RG, Hingley JH, Eaton CA, Sipos JC, Mitchell ED. 1975. Blubber fat disposition in Mysticeti whales. Can J Zool 53: 1322–1339.
  • Albert TF, Migaki G, Casey HW, Philo LM. 1980. Healed penetrating injury of a bowhead whale. Mar Fish Rev 42: 92–96.
  • Angell CM. 2005. Body fat condition of right whales, Eubalaena glacialis and Eubalaena australis. Ph.D. dissertation. Boston University, Boston, MA. p xvii+256.
  • Bancroft JD, Stevens A. 1990. Theory and practice of histological techniques, 3rd ed. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone.
  • Bel'kovich VM. 1962. Prisposobitel'nyye Osobennosti Stroyeniya Kozhnogo Pokrova Vodnykh Mlekopitayushchikh (Adaptational structural distinctions of the integument of marine mammals), author's abstract of candidatorial dissertation, Moscow.
  • Brown WR, Geraci JR, Hicks BD, St. Aubin DJ, Schroeder JP. 1983. Epidermal cell proliferation in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Can J Zool 61: 1587–1590.
  • Darwin C. 1854. A monograph on the sub-class Cirripedia with figures of all the species. London: The Ray Society. p 430–438.
  • Durham FE. 1980. External morphology of bowhead fetuses and calves. Mar Fish Rev 42: 74–80.
  • Elias PM, Menon GK, Grayson S, Brown BE, Rehfeld SJ. 1987. Avian sebokeratocytes and marine mammal lipokeratinocytes: structural, lipid biochemical, and functional considerations. Am J Anat 180: 161–177.
    Direct Link:
  • Eschricht DF, Reinhardt J. 1866. On the Greenland right-whale (Balaena mysticetus) In: FlowerWH, editor. Recent memoirs on the Cetacea. The Ray Society. London: Robert Hardwicke. p 1–150.
  • Fish FE, Beneski JT, Ketten DR. 2007. Examination of the three-dimensional geometry of Cetacean flukes using CT-scans: hydrodynamic implications. Anat Rec (this issue).
    Direct Link:
  • Fordyce RE. 1977. The development of the Circum-Antarctic Current and the evolution of the Mysticeti (Mammalia: Cetacea). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 21: 265–271.
  • Fordyce RE. 1980. Whale evolution and Oligocene Southern Ocean environments. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 31: 319–336.
  • Gaines CA, Hare MP, Beck SE, Rosenbaum H. 2005. Nuclear markers confirm taxonomic status and relationships among highly endangered and closely related right whale species. Proc R Soc Lond B 272: 533–542.
  • George JC, Clark C, Carroll GM, Ellison WT. 1989. Observations on the ice-breaking and ice navigation behavior of migrating bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) near Point Barrow, Alaska, spring 1985. Arctic 42: 24–30.
  • Geraci JR, St. Aubin DJ, Hicks BD. 1986. The epidermis of odontocetes: a view from within. In: BrydenMM, HarrisonR, editors. Research on dolphins. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p 3–21.
  • Giacometti L. 1967. The skin of the whale (Balaenoptera physalus). Anat Rec 159: 69–76.
    Direct Link:
  • Greenwood AG, Harrison RJ, Whitting HW. 1974. Functional and pathological aspect of the skin of marine mammals. In: HarrisonRJ, editor. Functional anatomy of marine mammals, Vol. 2. New York: Academic Press. p 73–110.
  • Haldiman JT, Tarpley RJ. 1993. Anatomy and physiology. In: BurnsJJ, MontagueJJ, CowlesCJ, editors. The bowhead whale. Special publication number 2. The Society for Marine Mammalogy. New York: Allen Press Inc. p 71–156.
  • Haldiman JT, Abdelbaki YZ, Al-Bagdadi FK, Duffield DW, Henk WG, Henry R. 1981. Determination of the gross and microscopic structure of the lung, kidney, brain and skin of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus (RU 1380). In: AlbertT, editor. Tissue structural studies and other investigations on the biology of endangered whales in the Beaufort Sea. Final Report to the Bureau of Land Management from the Department of Veterinary Science. Vol. I. Maryland: University of Maryland. NTIS No. PB86–153582/AS. p 305–662.
  • Haldiman JT, Abdelbaki YZ, Duffield DW, Henk WG, Henry RW. 1982. Studies on the morphology of the skin, baleen, respiratory system, urinary system, vascular system, brain and eye of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus. Final report from the North Slope Borough: Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Fine Structure, Louisiana State University and A and M College to the Department of Wildlife Management. p 1–159.
  • Haldiman JT, Henk WG, Henry RW, Albert TF, Abdelbhaki YZ, Duffield DW. 1985. Epidermal and papillary dermal characteristics of the bowhead (Balaena mysticetus). Anat Rec 211: 391–402.
    Direct Link:
  • Hamilton JL, Dillaman RM, McLellan WA, Pabst DA. 2004. Structural fiber reinforcement of keel blubber in harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). J Morphol 261: 105–117.
    Direct Link:
  • Harrison RJ, Thurley KW. 1974. Structure of the epidermis in Tursiops, Delphinus, Orcinus, Phocoena. In: HarrisonRJ, editor. Functional anatomy of marine mammals, Vol. 2, New York: Academic Press. p 45–71.
  • Hayes DE, Frakes LA. 1975. General synthesis, deep sea drilling project leg 28. In: HayesDE, FrakesLA, et al., editors. Initial reports of the deep sea drilling project, 28. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p 919–942.
  • Heyerdahl EF. 1932. Hvalindustrien en tekniskkjemisk undersøkelse. I. Råmaterialet. Kommandör Chr.-Christensens Hvalfangstmuseum, Sandefjord. Publ. Kasjon Nr. 7.
  • Hicks BD, St. Aubin DJ, Geraci JR, Brown WR. 1985. Epidermal growth in the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. J Invest Derm 85: 60–63.
  • Kennett JP, Houtz RE, Andrews PB, Edwards AR, Gostin VA, Hajos M, Hampton M, Jenkins DG, Margolis SV, Ovenshine AT, Perch-Nielsen K. 1975. Cenozoic paleoceanography in the Southwest Pacific Ocean, Antarctic glaciation, and the development of the Circum-Antarctic Current. In: KennettJP, HoutzRE, et al., editors. Initial reports of the deep sea drilling project, 29. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p 1155–1169.
  • Kleinenberg SE, Yablokov AV, Bel'kovich BM, Tarasevich MN. 1964. Beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) investigation of the species. Acad Sci USSR, Moscow. p 19–52.
  • Ling JK. 1974. The integument of marine mammals. In: HarrisonRJ, editor. Functional anatomy of marine mammals, Vol. 2, New York: Academic Press. p 1–44.
  • Ling JK. 1984. Epidermal cycles and moulting in marine mammals. Acta Zool Fenn 171: 23–26.
  • Lockyer C, McConnell LC, Waters TD. 1985. Body condition in terms of anatomical and biochemical assessment of body fat in north Atlantic fin and sei whales. Can J Zool 63: 23–28.
  • Lönnberg E. 1906. Contributions to the fauna of South Georgia. I. Taxonomic and biological notes on vertebrates. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar 40: 1–104.
  • Matthews LH. 1938. Notes on the southern right whale, Eubalaena australis. Discov Rep 17: 169–182.
  • Mayo CA, Marx MK. 1990. Surface foraging behaviour of the North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis, and associated zooplankton characteristics. Can J Zool 68: 2214–2220.
  • Menon GK, Grayson S, Brown BE, Elias PM. 1986. Lipokeratinocytes of the epidermis of a cetacean (Phocoena): histochemistry, ultrastructure, and lipid composition. Cell Tissue Res 244: 385–394.
  • Migaki G. 1981. The microscopic examination of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, and the gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus, for changes due to toxic substances and infectious agents. In: AlbertTF, editor. Tissue structural studies and other investigations on the biology of the endangered whales in the Beaufort Sea. Final report to the Bureau of Land Management from the Department of Veterinary Science. Maryland: University of Maryland. p 173–200.
  • Montagna W. 1967. Comparative anatomy and physiology of the skin. Arch Dermatol 96: 357–363.
  • Nakai J, Shida T. 1948. Sinus-hair of the sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis). Sci Rep Whales Res Inst, Tokyo 1: 41–47.
  • Omura H, Ohsumi S, Nemoto T, Nasu K, Kasuya T. 1969. Black right whales in the North Pacific. Sci Rep Whales Res Inst 21: 1–78.
  • Palmer E, Weddell G. 1964. The relationship between structure, innervation and function of the skin of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Proc Zool Soc Lond 143: 553–568.
  • Parry DA. 1949. The structure of whale blubber, and a discussion of its thermal properties. Q J Microsc Sci 90: 13–26.
  • Payne R, Brazier O, Dorsey EM, Perkins JS, Rowntree VJ, Titus A. 1983. External features in southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) and their use in identifying individuals. In: PayneR, editor. Communication and behavior of whales. Colorado: AAAS Selected Synposia Series 76, Westview Press. p 371–445.
  • Pedersen T. 1950. Studies in whale oils: on the content of saturated fatty acids in whale oils. Hval Skrift 34: 1–54.
  • Pfeiffer CJ, Jones FM. 1993. Epidermal lipid in several cetacean species: ultrastructural observations. Anat Embryol (Berl) 188: 209–218.
  • Pfeiffer CJ, Rowntree VJ. 1996. Epidermal ultrastructure of the southern right whale calf (Eubalaena australis). J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 28: 277–286.
  • Pilsbry HA. 1916. The sessile barnacles (Cirripedia) contained in the collections of the U.S. National Museum; including a monograph of the American species. Bull US Nat Mus 93: 281–283, Plate 65.
  • Reeb D, Cloete KJ, Botha A, Best PB. 2005a. Fusariosis and its implications in the mortality of a neonatal southern right whale, Eubalaena australis. Abstract submitted for 16th Biennial Conference of the Society of Marine Mammalogy.
  • Reeb D, Duffield M, Best PB. 2005b. Evidence of postnatal ecdysis in southern right whales, Eubalaena australis. J Mammal 86: 131–138.
  • Reeb D, Best PB. 2006. A biopsy system for deep-core sampling of the blubber of southern right whales, Eubalaena australis. Mar Mammal Sci 22: 207–220.
    Direct Link:
  • Ridewood WG. 1901. On the structure of the horny excrescence, known as the “Bonnet”, of the southern right whale (Balaena australis). Proc Zool Soc Lond p 44–47.
  • Rosenbaum HC, Brownell RL JR, Brown MW, Schaeff C, Portway V, White BN, Malik S, Pastene LA, Patenaude NJ, Baker CS, Goto M, Best PB, Clapham PJ, Hamilton P, Moore M, Payne R, Rowntree V, Tynan CT, Bannister JL, DeSalle R. 2000. World-wide genetic differentiation of Eubalaena: questioning the number of right whale species. Mol Ecol 9: 1793–1802.
    Direct Link:
  • Roussel de Vauzème A. 1835. Memoire sur le Cyamus ceti (Latr.) de la classe des crustaces. Ann Sci Nat Zool 1: 239–255, 257–265.
  • Rowntree V. 1983. “Cyamids: the louse that moored.” Whalewatcher 17: 14–17.
  • Schaeff CM, Best PB, Rowntree VJ, Payne R, Jarvis C, Portway VA. 1999. Dorsal skin color patterns among southern right whales (Eubalaena australis): genetic basis and evolutionary significance. J Hered 90: 464–471.
  • Shackleton NJ, Kennett JP. 1975. Paleotemperature history of the Cenozoic and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation: oxygen and carbon isotope analyses in DSDP sites 277, 279, and 281. In: KennettKP, HoutzRE, et al., editors. Initial reports of the deep sea drilling project, 29. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p 743–755.
  • Shoemaker PA, Ridgway SH. 1991. Cutaneous ridges in odontocetes. Mar Mammal Sci 7: 66–74.
    Direct Link:
  • Simpson JG, Gardner MB. 1972. Comparative microscopic anatomy of selected marine mammals. In: RidgwaySH, editor. Mammals of the sea: biology and medicine. Philadelphia: Charles C Thomas. p 298–418.
  • Slijper EJ. 1962. Whales. London: Hutchinson and Co.
  • Sokolov VE. 1955. Structure of the integument of some cetaceans Byull. Mosk. Ob-va lspyt. Prirody Otd Biol 60: 45–60.
  • Sokolov VE. 1960. Some similarities and dissimilarities in the structure of the skin among the members of the suborders odontoceti and mysticeti (Cetacea). Nature 185: 745–747.
  • Sokolov VE. 1962a. Adaptations of the mammalian skin to the aquatic mode of life. Nature (Lond) 195: 464–466.
  • Sokolov VE. 1962b. Struktura kozhnogo pokrova ne kotorykh kitoobraznykh. Soobshchenie II (Structure of the skin in some cetacea. Communication II). Biologicheskie nauki, No. 2. p 45–55.
  • Sokolov VE. 1982. Mammal skin. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Sokolov V, Kalashnikova M. 1971. The ultrastructure of epidermal cells in phocoena phocoena. In: PilleriG, editor. Investigations on Cetacea, Vol. III, Moscow (USSR): Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology USSR Academy of Sciences. p 194–199.
  • Spearman RIC. 1972. The epidermal stratum corneum of the whale. J Anat 113: 373–381.
  • St. Aubin DJ, Smith TG, Geraci JR. 1990. Seasonal epidermal molt in beluga whales, Delphinapterus leucas. Can J Zool 68: 359–367.
  • Stromberg MW. 1985. Fat distribution in the skin of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus and Tursiops gilli). J Morphol 186: 315–326.
    Direct Link:
  • Summers A. 2001. Spring-loaded. Every beat of a dolphin's tail stores elastic energy that helps propel the animal forward. Nat Hist 110: 76–77.
  • Tomilin AG. 1957. Mammals of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries. Cetacea. Vol. 9. Translated by the Israel Program for Scientific translations, Jerusalem, 1967 (NTIS No. TT 65–500867).
  • Tveraaen I. 1935. Chemical analysis of samples of blue whale oils. Hval Skr 11: 5–48.
  • Wheater R, Burkitt HG, Daniels VG, Deakin PJ. 1979. Functional histology: a text and colour atlas. Norwich, UK: Churchill Livingstone, Jarold and Sons Ltd.
  • Yablokov AV, Bel'kovich VM, Borisov ViI. 1974. Whales and Dolphins, Part I and II. Translation of “Kity I Del'finy”. 1972. Izd-vo Nauka, Moscow (JPRS-62150–1). Arlington, VA: Joint Publications Research Service.
View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (1231K)