Fax: 61-7-33654522
Article
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Specializations of the granular prefrontal cortex of primates: Implications for cognitive processing
Article first published online: 8 DEC 2005
DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20278
Copyright © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Issue

The Anatomical Record Part A: Discoveries in Molecular, Cellular, and Evolutionary Biology
Volume 288A, Issue 1, pages 26–35, January 2006
Additional Information
How to Cite
Elston, G. N., Benavides-Piccione, R., Elston, A., Zietsch, B., Defelipe, J., Manger, P., Casagrande, V. and Kaas, J. H. (2006), Specializations of the granular prefrontal cortex of primates: Implications for cognitive processing. Anat. Rec., 288A: 26–35. doi: 10.1002/ar.a.20278
Publication History
- Issue published online: 21 DEC 2005
- Article first published online: 8 DEC 2005
- Manuscript Received: 9 AUG 2005
- Manuscript Accepted: 9 AUG 2005
Funded by
- J.S. McDonnell Foundation
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia
- Ministry of Education and Science of Spain
- Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid
- South African National Research Foundation
LITERATURE CITED
- , . 1991. Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
- , . 1996. Age and hemisphere effects on dendrite structure. Brain 119: 1983–1990.
- , . 1985. Occipital and inferotemporal responses to visual signals in the monkey. Exp Neurol 90: 444–446.
- . 2000. Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition, memory, and emotion in primate prefrontal cortices. Brain Res Bull 52: 319–330.
- . 1909. Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Großhirnrinde. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth.
- . 1913. Neue Forschungsergebnisse der Grosshirnrindenanatomie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung anthropologischer Fragen. Arch Gesellschaft Deutsch Naturforscher Ärzte 85: 200–240.
- , . 1983. Columnar organization of corticocortical projections in squirrel and rhesus monkeys: similarity of column width in species differing in cortical volume. J Comp Neurol 220: 355–364.Direct Link:
- , . 1994. The afferent, intrinsic and efferent connections of primary visual cortex in primates. In: PetersA, RocklandKS, editors. Cerebral cortex, vol. 10, primary visual cortex in primates. New York: Plenum. p 201–259.
- , , . 2004. Cortical rewiring and information storage. Nature 431: 782–788.
- , . 1992. The computational brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- , , . 2005. Distribution across cortical areas of neurons projecting to the superior colliculus in new world monkeys. Anat Rec 285: 619–627.Direct Link:
- , . 1996. Neuronal activity in posterior parietal area 7a during the delay periods of a spatial memory task. J Neurophysiol 76: 1352–1355.
- , . 1993. Backwardness of human neuroanatomy. Nature 361: 109–110.
- , . 1992. The pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex: morphological and chemical characteristics of the synaptic inputs. Prog Neurobiol 39: 563–607.
- , , , , , , , . 1996. Mapping striate and extrastriate visual areas in human cerebral cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93: 2382–2386.
- , , , . 1993. Cortical connections of inferior temporal area TEO in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 334: 125–150.Direct Link:
- , , , , , . 2003. Age-related dendritic and spine changes in corticocortically projecting neurons in macaque monkeys. Cereb Cortex 13: 950–961.
- , . 1997. The occipitoparietal pathway of the macaque monkey: comparison of pyramidal cell morphology in layer III of functionally related cortical visual areas. Cereb Cortex 7: 432–452.
- , . 1998. Morphological variation of layer III pyramidal neurones in the occipitotemporal pathway of the macaque monkey visual cortex. Cereb Cortex 8: 278–294.
- , , . 1999a. Cellular heterogeneity in cerebral cortex: a study of the morphology of pyramidal neurones in visual areas of the marmoset monkey. J Comp Neurol 415: 33–51.Direct Link:
- , , . 1999b. Cortical integration in the visual system of the macaque monkey: large scale morphological differences of pyramidal neurones in the occipital, parietal and temporal lobes. Proc Royal Soc Lond Ser B 266: 1367–1374.
- . 2000. Pyramidal cells of the frontal lobe: all the more spinous to think with. J Neurosci 20: RC95 (1–4).
- , . 2000. Pyramidal cells, patches, and cortical columns: a comparative study of infragranular neurons in TEO, TE, and the superior temporal polysensory area of the macaque monkey. J Neurosci 20: RC117 (1–5).
- . 2001. Interlaminar differences in the pyramidal cell phenotype in cortical areas 7m and STP (the superior temporal polysensory area) of the macaque monkey. Exp Brain Res 138: 141–152.
- , , . 2001. The pyramidal cell in cognition: a comparative study in human and monkey. J Neurosci 21: RC163 (1–5).
- . 2002. Cortical heterogeneity: implications for visual processing and polysensory integration. J Neurocytol 31: 317–335.
- , . 2002. Spine distribution in neocortical pyramidal cells: a common organizational principle across species. In: AzmitiaEC, DeFelipeJ, JonesEG, RakicP, RibakCE, editors. Progress in brain research. New York: Elsevier. p 109–133.
- , . 2002. The pyramidal cell in sensory-motor cortex of the macaque monkey: phenotypic variation. Cereb Cortex 10: 1071–1078.
- . 2003a. Cortex, cognition and the cell: new insights into the pyramidal cell and prefrontal function. Cereb Cortex 13: 1124–1138.
- . 2003b. Pyramidal cell heterogeneity in the visual cortex of the nocturnal New World owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus). Neuroscience 117: 213–219.
- . 2003c. The pyramidal neuron in occipital, temporal and prefrontal cortex of the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus): regional specialisation in cell structure. Eur J Neurosci 17: 1313–1318.Direct Link:
- , . 2004. New research findings on the anatomy of the cerebral cortex of special relevance to anthropological questions. Brisbane: University of Queensland Printers.
- , , . 2005a. A study of pyramidal cell structure in the cingulate cortex of the macaque monkey with comparative notes on inferotemporal and primary visual cortex. Cereb Cortex 15: 64–73.
- , , , , . 2005b. Pyramidal cell specialization in the occipitotemporal cortex of the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus). Exp Brain Res (in press).
- , , , , . 2005c. Specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the cingulate cortex of the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus): an intracellular injection study of the posterior and anterior cingulate gyrus. Neurosci Lett 387: 130–135.
- , , , , . 2005d. Specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the sensory-motor cortex of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus). Neuroscience 134: 1057–1068.
- , , , , . 2005e. Pyramidal cell specialization in the occipitotemporal cortex of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus). Neuroreport 16: 967–970.
- , , , , . 2005f. Regional specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the limbic cortex of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus): an intracellular injection study of the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus. Exp Brain Res 167: 315–323.
- , , , , . 2005g. Specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the sensory-motor cortex of the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) with comparative notes on the macaque monkey. Anat Rec 286A: 854–865.Direct Link:
- , , , . 2005h. Pyramidal neurons of granular prefrontal cortex the galago: complexity in the evolution of the psychic cell in primates. Anat Rec 285A: 610–618.Direct Link:
- , , , . 2005i. Regional specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the visual cortex of the galago: an intracellular injection study with comparative notes on New World and Old World monkeys. Brain Behav Evol 66: 10–21.
- . 2006. Specializations in pyramidal cell structure during primate evolution. In: KaasJH, PreussTM, editors. Evolution of nervous systems, vol. 5. Oxford: Elsevier (in press).
- , . 2006. Fractal analysis as a tool for studying specialization in neuronal structure: the study of the evolution of the primate cerebral cortex and human intellect. Adv Comp Syst (in press).
- , . 1991. Distributed hierarchical processing in primate cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 1: 1–47.
- , . 1992. Ocular dominance columns in area 17 of Old World macaque and talapoin monkeys: complete reconstructions and quantitative analyses. Vis Neurosci 8: 449–462.
- , . 1996. Visuotopic organisation of striate cortex in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). J Comp Neurol 372: 264–282.Direct Link:
- , . 1971. Neuron activity related to short-term memory. Science 173: 652–654.
- . 1997. The prefrontal cortex: anatomy, physiology, and neuropsychology of the frontal lobe. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.
- . 1994. Brodmann's localisation in the cerebral cortex. London: Smith-Gordon.
- , , , . 2005. Synaptic distinction of laminar-specific prefrontal-temporal pathways in primates. Cereb Cortex (in press).
- . 1996. The prefrontal landscape: implications of functional architecture for understanding human mentation and the central executive. Phil Trans Royal Soc Lond B 351: 1445–1453.
- , . 1994. Dendritic spines: cellular specializations imparting both stability and flexibility to synaptic function. Ann Rev Neurosci 17: 341–371.
- . 1966. Comparative anatomy of the central visual system in day- and night-active primates. In: HasslerR, StephenH, editors. Evolution of the forebrain. Stuttgart: Thieme. p 419–434.
- , , . 1996. Indeterminate organization of the visual system. Nature 271: 776–777.
- , . 1996. Intrinsic variability of ocular dominance column periodicity in norman macaque monkeys. J Neurosci 16: 7228–7339.
- , , . 1997. Lifespan dendritic and spine changes in areas 10 and 18 of human cortex: a quantitative Golgi study. J Comp Neurol 386: 661–680.Direct Link:
- , . 2002. Regional dendritic variation in primate cortical pyramidal cells. In: SchüzA, MillerR, editors. Cortical areas: unity and diversity. London: Taylor and Francis. p 111–131.
- . 2000. Why is brain size so important: design problems and solutions as neocortex gets bigger or smaller. Brain Mind 1: 7–23.
- , . 2003. Human brain evolution. In: SquireLR, BloomFE, McConnellSK, RobertsJL, SpitzerNC, ZigmondMJ, editors. Fundamental neuroscience. San Diego: Academic. p 1147–1166.
- . 2005. From mice to men: the evolution of the large, complex human brain. J Biosci 30: 155–165.
- , . 1989. Unit activity in monkey parietal cortex related to haptic perception and temporary memory. Exp Brain Res 76: 292–306.
- . 1999. Biophysics of computation: information processing in single neurons. New York: Oxford University Press.
- , , . 2002. Sustained mnemonic response in the human middle frontal gyrus during on-line storage of spatial memoranda. J Cogn Neurosci 14: 659–671.
- , , , . 1985. The complete pattern of ocular dominance stripes in the striate cortex and visual field of the macaque monkey. J Neurosci 5: 486–501.
- , . 2005. Dendritic computation. Ann Rev Neurosci 28: 503–532.
- , , . 1993. Comparison of intrinsic connectivity in different areas of macaque monkey cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 3: 148–162.
- . 2001. The evolution of the structure of the neocortex in mammals: a new theory of cytoarchitecture. Rev Neurol 33: 843–853.
- . 1999. Why have dendrites? a computational perspective. In: StuartG, SprustonN, HäusserM, editors. Dendrites. New York: Oxford University Press. p 271–289.
- , , , . 2001. Synaptic targets of the intrinsic axon collaterals of supragranular pyramidal neurons in monkey prefrontal cortex. J Comp Neurol 430: 209–221.Direct Link:
- , , . 1996. Neural mechanisms of visual working memory in prefrontal cortex of the macaque. J Neurosci 16: 5154–5167.
- , . 2001. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex. Ann Rev Neurosci 24: 167–202.
- , , , . 1985. Age-related changes of pyramidal cell basal dendrites in layers III and V of human motor cortex: a quantitative Golgi study. Acta Neuropathol 65: 281–284.
- . 1994. The neocortex: an overview of its evolutionary development, structural organization and synaptology. Anat Embrol 190: 307–337.
- . 1999. Walker's primates of the world. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- , . 2001. Comparative cytoarchitectonic analisis of the human and the macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and corticocortical connection patterns in the monkey. Eur J Neurosci 16: 291–310.Direct Link:
- , . 2001. Impact of active dendrites and structural plasticity on the storage capacity of neural tissue. Neuron 29: 779–796.
- , . 1991. Ipsilateral cortical connections of granular frontal cortex in the strepsirhine primate Galago, with comparative comments on anthropoid primates. J Comp Neurol 310: 507–549.Direct Link:
- , , , . 2004. Human brain evolution: insights from microarrays. Nat Rev Genet 5: 850–860.
- . 2000. The orbitofrontal cortex. In: RobertsAC, RobbinsTW, WeiskrantzL, editors. The prefrontal cortex. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p 67–86.
- , , , . 1997a. Visual field representation in striate and prestriate corticies of a prosimian primate (Galago garnetti). J Neurophysiol 77: 3193–3217.
- , , . 1997b. The second visual area in the marmoset monkey: visuotopic organisation, magnification factors, architectonical boundaries, and modularity. J Comp Neurol 387: 547–567.Direct Link:
- , , . 2002. Active maintenance in prefrontal area 46 creats distractor-resistant memory. Nat Neurosci 5: 479–484.
- , , . 2001. Compartmental models of complex neurons. In: KochC, SegevI, editors. Methods in neuronal modeling. London: MIT Press. p 93–136.
- , . 1988. The dendritic spine: adaptations of structure and function for different types of synaptic intergration. In: LasekRJ, BlackMM, editors. Intrinsic determinants of neuronal form and function. New York: Liss. p 245–262.
- , , . 2002. Geometry and structural plasticity of synaptic connectivity. Neuron 34: 275–288.
- , , . 2005. Organization of horizontal axons in the inferior temporal cortex and primary visual cortex of the macaque monkey. Cereb Cortex 15: 1887–1899.
- , , . 1985. Topography of cytochrome oxidase activity in the owl monkey. J Neurosci 5: 2786–2800.
- , , . 2005. Regional dendritic variation in neonatal human cortex: a quantitative Golgi study. Dev Neurosci 27: 277–287.
- , , . 1984. The visual field representation in striate cortex of the macaque monkey: asymmetries, anisotropies and individual variability. Vision Res 24: 429–448.
- , . 1993. Morphology of visual callosal neurons with different locations, contralateral targets or patterns of development. Exp Brain Res 94: 393–404.
- . 2001. Synaptic reverberation underlying mnemonic persistent activity. Trends Neurosci 24: 455–463.
- . 1993. The organization of neural systems in the primate cerebral cortex. Proc Royal Soc Lond B 252: 113–118.

1932-8494/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=811ee5b9f0a015b546739ab35f89c7585297f41a)