Research Article
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Survival in rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based analysis of trends over 40 years
Article first published online: 10 JAN 2003
DOI: 10.1002/art.10705
Copyright © 2003 by the American College of Rheumatology
Additional Information
How to Cite
Gabriel, S. E., Crowson, C. S., Kremers, H. M., Doran, M. F., Turesson, C., O'Fallon, W. M. and Matteson, E. L. (2003), Survival in rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based analysis of trends over 40 years. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 48: 54–58. doi: 10.1002/art.10705
Publication History
- Issue published online: 10 JAN 2003
- Article first published online: 10 JAN 2003
- Manuscript Accepted: 9 SEP 2002
- Manuscript Received: 22 MAR 2002
Funded by
- NIH/USPHS. Grant Number: AR-30582
REFERENCES
- 1, , . Length of life and cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 1953; 249: 553–6.
- 2, , . Death rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Minerva Medicine 1961; 1: 161–4.
- 3, , , , . Course and prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a further report. Ann Rheum Dis 1964; 23: 193–204.
- 4, , . Survivorship and death in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1970; 13: 125–30.Direct Link:
- 5, , . Death rate and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1975; 4: 205–8.
- 6, . Mortality among arthritics. J Chronic Dis 1976; 29: 459–67.
- 7, , , . Cause of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with particular reference to azathioprine. Ann Rheum Dis 1980; 39: 457–61.
- 8, , . Increased mortality among persons with rheumatoid arthritis, but where RA does not appear on death certificate: eleven-year follow-up of an epidemiological study. Scand J Rheumatol 1981; 10: 301–6.
- 9. Increased mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1982; 11: 81–6.
- 10, , , , . Cause of death in rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1984; 23: 92–9.
- 11, , , , , . Severe functional declines, work disability, and increased mortality in seventy-five rheumatoid arthritis patients studied over nine years. Arthritis Rheum 1984; 27: 864–72.Direct Link:
- 12, , , , , . Survival, prognosis, and causes of death in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1986; 29: 706–14.Direct Link:
- 13, , , , , , et al. Rheumatoid arthritis and mortality: a longitudinal study in Pima Indians. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 1045–53.Direct Link:
- 14, , , . Ten year mortality and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. BMJ 1985; 290: 1797–9.
- 15, , , , . Mortality and survival in rheumatoid arthritis: a 25 year prospective study of 100 patients. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 363–9.
- 16, , , , , , et al. The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37: 481–94.Direct Link:
- 17, , . Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1995; 25: 193–202.
- 18, , , . Formal education and five-year mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: mediation by helplessness scale score. Arthritis Care Res 1996; 9: 463–72.Direct Link:
- 19, , . Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 445–51.
- 20, , , . Longterm mortality outcome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: early presenters continue to do well. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 1072–7.
- 21, , . Mortality in early “sawtooth” treated rheumatoid arthritis patients during the first 8–14 years. Scand J Rheumatol 1999; 28: 282–7.
- 22, , . Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis: have we made an impact in 4 decades? J Rheumatol 1999; 26: 2529–33.
- 23, , . Mortality in a cohort of Norwegian patients with rheumatoid arthritis followed from 1977 to 1992. Scand J Rheumatol 2000; 29: 29–37.
- 24, , , , , , et al. No increased mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: up to 10 years of follow up from disease onset. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59: 954–8.
- 25, . Mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients with disease onset in the 1980s. Ann Rheum Dis 1999; 58: 11–4.
- 26. Recent improvements in survival in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: better outcomes or different study designs? [see comments]. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 1467–9.Direct Link:
- 27, . The patient record in epidemiology. Sci Am 1981; 245: 54–63.
- 28. History of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. Mayo Clin Proc 1996; 71: 266–74.
- 29, , . The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1955–1985. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42: 415–20.Direct Link:
- 30, , , , . Trends in incidence and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, over a forty-year period. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 625–31.Direct Link:
- 31, , , , , , et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988; 31: 315–24.Direct Link:
- 32, , . Therapeutic criteria in rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 1949; 140: 659–62.
- 33, , . Extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence and mortality. Rheumatology (Oxford) 1999; 38: 668–74.
- 34, , , , . Occurrence of extra-articular disease manifestations is associated with excess mortality in a community based study of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 62–7.
- 35, . Mortality from rheumatoid arthritis in France, 1970-1990. Int J Epidemiol 1994; 23: 545–52.
- 36, , , . Extent of inflammation predicts cardiovascular disease and overall mortality in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: a retrospective cohort study from disease onset. J Rheumatol 1999; 26: 2562–71.
- 37, , , . Response to methotrexate treatment is associated with reduced mortality in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2000; 43: 14–21.Direct Link:
- 38, , , , . Relative contributions of incidence and survival to increasing prevalence of adult-onset diabetes mellitus: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 1997; 146: 12–22.
- 39, , , , , . Trends in the incidence and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus, 1950–1992. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42: 46–50.Direct Link:
- 40, , , . Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1980; 23: 137–45.Direct Link:

1529-0131/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=897b81612b4ad6cae003112184adc709261d5f61)
1529-0131/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=04654f5ea3cbb01656383e0c0d04b16fd0a9a896)
1529-0131/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=104d5c2bb8ef72deba26790b855af7ab80697a0e)