Interleukin-1α induction of tensile weakening associated with collagen degradation in bovine articular cartilage

Abstract

Objective

To determine whether interleukin-1α (IL-1α) induces tensile weakening of articular cartilage that is concomitant with the loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) or the subsequent degradation of the collagen network.

Methods

Explants of young adult bovine cartilage obtained from the superficial (including the articular surface), middle, and deep layers were cultured with or without IL-1α for 1 week or 3 weeks. Then, portions of the explants were analyzed for their tensile properties (ramp modulus, strength, and failure strain); other portions of explants and spent culture medium were analyzed for the amount of GAG and the amount of cleaved, denatured, and total collagen.

Results

The effect of IL-1α treatment on cartilage tensile properties and content was dependent on the duration of culture and the depth of the explant from the articular surface. The tensile strength and failure strain of IL-1α–treated samples from the superficial and middle layers were lower after 3 weeks of culture, but not after 1 week of culture. However, by 1 week of culture, IL-1α had already induced release of the majority of tissue GAGs into the medium, without detectable loss or degradation of collagen. In contrast, after 3 weeks of culture, IL-1α induced significant collagen degradation, as indicated by the amount of total, cleaved, or denatured collagen in the medium or in explants from the superficial and middle layers.

Conclusion

IL-1α–induced degradation of cartilage results in tensile weakening that occurs subsequent to the depletion of GAG and concomitant with the degradation of the collagen network.