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Chondrocyte and Disc Biology
Intervertebral disc and macrophage interaction induces mechanical hyperalgesia and cytokine production in a herniated disc model in rats
Article first published online: 27 JUL 2012
DOI: 10.1002/art.34456
Copyright © 2012 by the American College of Rheumatology
1529-0131/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=104d5c2bb8ef72deba26790b855af7ab80697a0e "Arthritis & Rheumatism")
Additional Information
How to Cite
Takada, T., Nishida, K., Maeno, K., Kakutani, K., Yurube, T., Doita, M. and Kurosaka, M. (2012), Intervertebral disc and macrophage interaction induces mechanical hyperalgesia and cytokine production in a herniated disc model in rats. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 64: 2601–2610. doi: 10.1002/art.34456
Publication History
- Issue published online: 27 JUL 2012
- Article first published online: 27 JUL 2012
- Accepted manuscript online: 5 MAR 2012 03:42PM EST
- Manuscript Accepted: 23 FEB 2012
- Manuscript Received: 10 MAY 2011
Funded by
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Grant Numbers: 1302-18300169, 1302-21300189
- Kobe University Alumni Society
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Abstract
Objective
The expression of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is significantly correlated with the symptoms of herniated disc disease. Among the different types of immune cells, macrophages are frequently noted in the herniated disc tissue. We undertook this study to clarify the interaction of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and macrophages with regard to the production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2.
Methods
We developed 2 animal models to assess the interactions of IVDs with macrophages in terms of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production and pain-related behavior. We also cocultured IVDs and macrophages to assess the role of TNFα in IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production.
Results
IVD autografts induced TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) up-regulation; macrophage infiltration was seen shortly after the autograft was implanted. A significant decrease was noted in the mechanical threshold of the ipsilateral paw following the up-regulation of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and COX-2 mRNA. Only IVD and macrophage cocultures resulted in IL-8 and PGE2 up-regulation. TNFα up-regulation was maximized before that of IL-6 and IL-8. TNFα neutralization attenuated production of IL-6 and PGE2, but not that of IL-8. Neutralization of TNFα and IL-8 significantly increased the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold in the IVD autograft and spinal nerve ligation model.
Conclusion
IVD–macrophage interaction plays a major role in sciatica and in the production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2. TNFα is required for IL-6 and PGE2 production, but not for IL-8 production, during IVD–macrophage interaction. Neutralization of TNFα and IL-8 can be a valuable therapy for herniated disc disease.