Article

Synergistic action of fibroblast growth factor-2 and transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances bioprinted human neocartilage formation

  1. Xiaofeng Cui1,2,
  2. Kurt Breitenkamp3,
  3. Martin Lotz1,
  4. Darryl D'Lima1,2,*

Article first published online: 8 APR 2012

DOI: 10.1002/bit.24488

Issue

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Volume 109, Issue 9, pages 2357–2368, September 2012

Additional Information

How to Cite

Cui, X., Breitenkamp, K., Lotz, M. and D'Lima, D. (2012), Synergistic action of fibroblast growth factor-2 and transforming growth factor-beta1 enhances bioprinted human neocartilage formation. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 109: 2357–2368. doi: 10.1002/bit.24488

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037; telephone: +1-858-332-0166; fax: +1-858-332-0669

  2. 2

    Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California

  3. 3

    Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California

*Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037; telephone: +1-858-332-0166; fax: +1-858-332-0669.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 25 JUL 2012
  2. Article first published online: 8 APR 2012
  3. Accepted manuscript online: 5 MAR 2012 10:28AM EST
  4. Manuscript Accepted: 22 FEB 2012
  5. Manuscript Revised: 17 JAN 2012
  6. Manuscript Received: 27 NOV 2011

Funded by

  • NIH. Grant Number: AG007996
  • CIRM. Grant Number: TR1-01216
  • STSI. Grant Number: UL1 RR025774
  • NSF. Grant Number: 1011796

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Keywords:

  • inkjet printing;
  • cartilage tissue engineering;
  • chondrocyte;
  • hydrogel;
  • extracellular matrix;
  • photoplymerization

Abstract

Bioprinting as a promising but unexplored approach for cartilage tissue engineering has the advantages of high throughput, digital control, and highly accurate placement of cells and biomaterial scaffold to the targeted 3D locations with simultaneous polymerization. This study tested feasibility of using bioprinting for cartilage engineering and examined the influence of cell density, growth, and differentiation factors. Human articular chondrocytes were printed at various densities, stimulated transiently with growth factors and subsequently with chondrogenic factors. Samples were cultured for up to 4 weeks to evaluate cell proliferation and viability, mechanical properties, mass swelling ratio, water content, gene expression, ECM production, DNA content, and histology. Bioprinted samples treated with FGF-2/TGF-β1 had the best chondrogenic properties among all groups apparently due to synergistic stimulation of cell proliferation and chondrogenic phenotype. ECM production per chondrocyte in low cell density was much higher than that in high cell seeding density. This finding was also verified by mechanical testing and histology. In conclusion, cell seeding density that is feasible for bioprinting also appears optimal for human neocartilage formation when combined with appropriate growth and differentiation factors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012;109: 2357–2368. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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