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Keywords:

  • cooperative effects;
  • molecular recognition;
  • protein–protein interactions;
  • scaffold-directed assembly;
  • synthetic nucleators

Graphical Abstract

Thumbnail image of graphical abstract

Directing the formation of macromolecular complexes offers important opportunities for understanding and engineering cellular fate and function. Small synthetic components can be used to nucleate the formation of desired cellular machines. A great deal of control over cellular processes and more could be available by applying this concept to couple orthogonal scaffolds to elicit desired outcomes.

Abstract

Nature constructs intricate complexes containing numerous binding partners in order to direct a variety of cellular processes. Researchers have taken a cue from these events to develop synthetic molecules that can nucleate natural and unnatural interactions for a diverse set of applications. These molecules can be designed to drive protein dimerization or to modulate the interactions between proteins, lipids, DNA, or RNA and thereby alter cellular pathways. A variety of components within the cellular machinery can be recruited with or replaced by synthetic compounds. Directing the formation of multicomponent complexes with new synthetic molecules can allow unprecedented control over the cellular machinery.