Nanoparticles: Scaffolds for Molecular Recognition

Graphical Abstract

Nano-scaffolding: Nanoparticles provide scaffolds for the attachment of molecular recognition elements (illustrated here schematically). Integration of the methodologies and insight developed in the field of supramolecular chemistry with the diverse array of available nanoparticle platforms provides new directions for the creation of devices and the assembly of nanocomposite materials.

Abstract

Monolayer and mixed-monolayer protected clusters (MPCs and MMPCs) have great potential to combine molecular functionality with the intrinsic properties of nanometer-sized scaffolds. This synergy can be used to create complex functional devices, including redox-active, electronic, or magnetic storage devices, solution-based sensors, and highly efficient catalysts. This review outlines some of the recent developments in nanoscale receptors based on synthetic and nonbiological recognition elements. In these nanoparticle systems, molecular recognition is achieved by covalent attachment of receptors on the nanoparticles coupled with noncovalent interactions to target substrates. Synthetic host–guest systems, hydrogen bonding, change in redox states, π–π stacking, rotaxane formation, and ion recognition are the main topics covered in this review.