Fax: (202) 994-2618
Original Article
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Histologic grade, stage, and survival in breast carcinoma†‡
Comparison of African American and Caucasian women
Article first published online: 1 JUL 2003
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11558
Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society
Additional Information
How to Cite
Earl Henson, D., Chu, K. C. and Levine, P. H. (2003), Histologic grade, stage, and survival in breast carcinoma. Cancer, 98: 908–917. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11558
- †
The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Cancer Institute or the U. S. Government.
- ‡
This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 20 AUG 2003
- Article first published online: 1 JUL 2003
- Manuscript Accepted: 7 MAY 2003
- Manuscript Revised: 1 MAY 2003
- Manuscript Received: 13 MAR 2003
Funded by
- Komen Foundation
REFERENCES
- 1, , , et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1973–1998. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute, 2001.
- 2, , . Survival of black women with Stage I and Stage II breast cancer is inferior to survival among white women when treated in the same way and in a single institution. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1994; 13: 68.
- 3, , , et al. Treatment modality and quality differences for black and white breast-cancer patients treated in community hospitals. Med Care. 1989; 27: 942–958.
- 4, , , , , . Importance of race on breast cancer survival. Ann Surg Oncol. 1997; 4: 80–87.
- 5, , . Race and socio-economic status in survival from breast cancer. J Chronic Dis. 1982; 35: 675–683.
- 6, , , . Ethnicity, survival, and delay in seeking treatment for symptoms of breast cancer. Cancer. 1985; 55: 1563–1571.Direct Link:
- 7SmedleyBD, StithA, NelsonAR, editors. Unequal treatment—confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington: Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, 2002.
- 8. Racial differences in treatment and survival from early-stage breast carcinoma. Cancer. 2002; 95: 1759–1766.Direct Link:
- 9, , , . Socioeconomic factors and race in breast cancer recurrence and survival. Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 135: 609–618.
- 10, . Social class and black-white differences in breast cancer survival. Am J Public Health. 1986; 76: 1400–1403.
- 11, , , et al. Racial differences in survival from breast cancer. Results of the National Cancer Institute Black/White Cancer Survival Study. JAMA. 1994; 272: 947–954.
- 12, , , et al. Histological characteristics of breast carcinoma in blacks and whites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994; 3: 127–135.
- 13, , , . Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994; 86: 705–712.
- 14BeahrsOH, HensonDE, HutterRVP, KennedyBJ, editors. Manual of staging of cancer, 4th edition. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1992.
- 15, , . Racial disparities in breast cancer survival rates: separating factors that affect diagnosis from factors that affect treatment. Cancer. 2003; 97: 2853–2860.Direct Link:
- 16. Varying degrees of malignancy in cancer of the breast. J Cancer Res. 1925; 9: 453–463.
- 17. Prognosis in carcinoma of the breast. Br J Cancer. 1950; 4: 259–288.
- 18, . Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1957; 11: 359–377.
- 19, , , . Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Projects (NSABP). Cancer. 1990; 65: 2121–2128.Direct Link:
- 20, , . Tumor grade as a prognostic factor in primary breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1989; 25: 103–109.
- 21, , , et al. Prognostic significance of tumor grade in clinical trials of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis. Cancer. 1986; 58: 2662–2670.Direct Link:
- 22, , , et al. Relative worth of estrogen or progesterone receptor and pathologic characteristics of differentiation as indicators of prognosis in node negative breast cancer patients: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-06. J Clin Oncol. 1988; 6: 1076–1087.
- 23, . Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer; experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology. 1991; 19: 403–410.Direct Link:
- 24, , , . Relationship among outcome, stage of disease, and histologic grade for 22,616 cases of breast cancer. Cancer. 1991; 68: 2142–2149.Direct Link:
- 25, , , et al. Early onset breast carcinoma in African American women with poor prognostic factors. Am J Clin Oncol. 1999; 22: 436–440.
- 26, , , et al. Racial differences in breast cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1985; 75: 55–60.
- 27, . Racial differences in breast cancer survival: the interaction of socioeconomic status and tumor biology. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997; 176: S233–S239.

1097-0142/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=ca681f5719430b26e1bc15e9ea4c9fc0a7110104)
1097-0142/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=8142566facf7e76aef9be6c51162a2e920b3b9f9)
1097-0142/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=a7299bc18f075294c232ade468773cd0672bd470)