1097-0142/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=a7299bc18f075294c232ade468773cd0672bd470 "Cancer")
The first two authors contributed equally to this article.
1097-0142/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=ca681f5719430b26e1bc15e9ea4c9fc0a7110104)
1097-0142/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=8142566facf7e76aef9be6c51162a2e920b3b9f9)
Original Article
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression correlates with lymph node localization of human melanoma metastases
Article first published online: 1 JUL 2003
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.11583
Copyright © 2003 American Cancer Society
Additional Information
How to Cite
Schietroma, C., Cianfarani, F., Lacal, P. M., Odorisio, T., Orecchia, A., Kanitakis, J., D'Atri, S., Failla, C. M. and Zambruno, G. (2003), Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression correlates with lymph node localization of human melanoma metastases. Cancer, 98: 789–797. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11583
Publication History
- Issue published online: 1 AUG 2003
- Article first published online: 1 JUL 2003
- Manuscript Accepted: 19 MAY 2003
- Manuscript Revised: 13 MAY 2003
- Manuscript Received: 10 APR 2003
Funded by
- Ministero della Salute, Italy
REFERENCES
- 1. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat Med. 1995; 1: 27–31.
- 2, , . Lymphatic endothelium: a new frontier of metastasis research. Nat Cell Biol. 2002; 4: E2–E5.
- 3, , , et al. A novel vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF-C, is a ligand for the Flt4 (VEGFR-3) and KDR (VEGFR-2) receptor tyrosine kinases. EMBO J. 1996; 5: 290–298.
- 4, , , et al. Proteolytic processing regulates receptor specificity and activity of VEGF-C. EMBO J. 1997; 16: 3898–3911.
- 5, , , et al. Cardiovascular failure in mouse embryos deficient in VEGF receptor-3. Science. 1998; 282: 946–949.
- 6, , , et al. Expression of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 4 gene becomes restricted to lymphatic endothelium during development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995; 92: 3566–3570.
- 7, , , et al. Signalling via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 is sufficient for lymphangiogenesis in transgenic mice. EMBO J. 2001; 20: 1223–1231.
- 8, , , et al. Hyperplasia of lymphatic vessels in VEGF-C transgenic mice. Science. 1997; 276: 1423–1425.
- 9, , , et al. Inhibition of lymphangiogenesis with resulting lymphedema in transgenic mice expressing soluble VEGF receptor-3. Nat Med. 2001; 7: 199–205.
- 10, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor C promotes tumor lymphangiogenesis and intralymphatic tumor growth. Cancer Res. 2001; 61: 1786–1790.
- 11, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C-mediated lymphangiogenesis promotes tumor metastasis. EMBO J. 2001; 20: 672–682.
- 12, , , et al. Concurrent induction of lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis, and macrophage recruitment by vascular endothelial growth factor-C in melanoma. Am J Pathol. 2001; 159: 893–903.
- 13, , , , , . VEGF-C induced lymphangiogenesis is associated with lymph node metastasis in orthotopic MCF-7 tumors. Int J Cancer. 2002; 98: 946–951.Direct Link:
- 14, , , , , . Lack of lymphangiogenesis in human primary cutaneous melanoma. Consequences for the mechanism of lymphatic dissemination. Am J Pathol. 1997; 150: 1951–1957.
- 15, , , et al. VEGFR-3 and its ligand VEGF-C are associated with angiogenesis in breast cancer. Am J Pathol. 1999; 154: 1381–1390.
- 16, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factors VEGF-B and VEGF-C are expressed in human tumors. Am J Pathol. 1998; 153: 103–108.
- 17, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression predicts lymph node metastasis of human gastric carcinomas invading the submucosa. Eur J Cancer. 2002; 38: 1413–1419.
- 18, , , et al. Correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression and invasion phenotype in cervical carcinomas. Int J Cancer. 2002; 98: 335–343.Direct Link:
- 19, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression and its relationship to pelvic lymph node status in invasive cervical cancer. Br J Cancer. 2001; 85: 93–97.
- 20, , , et al. VEGF and VEGF type C play an important role in angiogenesis in human malignant mesothelioma tumours. Br J Cancer. 1999; 81: 54–61.
- 21, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C expression in human prostatic carcinoma and its relationship to lymph node metastasis. Br J Cancer. 1999; 80: 309–313.
- 22, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 (flk1) and VEGF receptor 3 (Flt4). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998; 95: 548–553.
- 23, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D promotes the metastatic spread of tumors via the lymphatics. Nat Med. 2001; 7: 186–191.
- 24, , , et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-D expression is an independent prognostic marker for survival in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2002; 62: 1669–1675.
- 25, , . Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor family members in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma correlates with lymph node metastasis. Cancer. 2001; 92: 556–568.Direct Link:
- 26, , , , , . Expression of vascular endothelial growth factors A, B, C, and D and their relationships to lymph node status in lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2000; 6: 2431–2439.
- 27, , , et al. Human melanoma cells secrete and respond to placenta growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. J Invest Dermatol. 2000; 115: 1000–1007.
- 28, , , , . Human epithelial cells induce human melanocyte growth in vitro but only skin keratinocytes regulate its proper differentiation in the absence of dermis. J Cell Biol. 1988; 107: 1919–1926.
- 29, , , , . Characterization of a newly derived human sarcoma cell line (HT-1080). Cancer. 1974; 33: 1027–1033.Direct Link:
- 30, , , et al. Transforming growth factor-β1 modulates β1 and β5 integrin receptors and induces de novo expression of the αvβ6 heterodimer in normal human keratinocytes: implications for wound healing. J Cell Biol. 1995; 129: 853–865.
- 31, , , et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor induces an invasive phenotype in human squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 2000; 156: 159–167.
- 32, , , et al. Induction of tumor lymphangiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor-C promotes breast cancer metastasis. Nat Med. 2001; 7: 192–198.
- 33, , , et al. LYVE-1, a new homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, is a lymph-specific receptor for hyaluronan. J Cell Biol. 1999; 144: 789–801.
- 34, , , et al. Lymphatic metastasis in the absence of functional intratumor lymphatics. Science. 2002; 296: 1883–1886.
- 35, , . Lack of lymphatic vascular specificity of VEGFR-3 in human vascular tumors. Cancer. 1999; 86: 2406–2412.Direct Link:
- 36, , , , . Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in lymphangiogenesis in wound healing. Am J Pathol. 2000; 156: 1499–1504.
- 37, , , et al. VEGF and VEGF-C: specific induction of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the differentiated avian chorioallantoic membrane. Dev Biol. 1997; 188: 96–109.
- 38. Modulation of the organ microenvironment for treatment of cancer metastasis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87: 1588–1592.
- 39. Modulation of tumor cell gene expression and phenotype by organ-specific metastatic enviroment. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1995; 14: 323–338.
- 40, , , et al. Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis. Nature. 2001; 410: 50–56.
- 41, , , et al. Final version of the American Joint Committee on cancer staging system for cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001; 19: 3635–3648.
- 42, , . Are locoregional cutaneous metastases in melanoma predictable? Ann Surg Oncol. 1999; 6: 315–321.
- 43, , , et al. Metastatic pathways and time courses in the orderly progression of cutaneous melanoma. Br J Dermatol. 2002; 147: 62–70.Direct Link:
- 44, , , et al. Comparison of VEGF, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and Ang-1 mRNA regulation by serum, growth factors, oncoproteins and hypoxia. Oncogene. 1997; 14: 2475–2483.
- 45, , , , . Proinflammatory cytokines regulate expression of the lymphatic endothelial mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor-C. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273: 8413–8418.