Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer

Cancer

How to Cite

The ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) Trialists' Group (2003), Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer. Cancer, 98: 1802–1810. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11745

Author Information

1. ^†

   The following individuals are members of the ATAC Trial Steering Committee (asterisks denote members of the writing group for the current article): *Professor M. Baum (founding chairman and principal investigator for the main ATAC trial), University College London, London, United Kingdom; Professor A.R. Bianco, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; *Dr. A. Buzdar (vice chairperson elect for the main ATAC trial), The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Dr. M. Coibion, Institut Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Professor R Coleman, Cancer Research Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Dr. M. Constenla, Hospital Montecelo, Pontevedra, Spain; *Professor J. Cuzick (independent statistician), Cancer Research UK, London, United Kingdom; Professor Dr. W. Distler, Carl Gustav Carus Universitætsklinkan Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Professor M. Dowsett, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; *Professor J. Forbes, Newcastle Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Newcastle, Australia; Professor W.D. George, Beatson Oncology Centre, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Sr. J. Gray, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom; Dr. J.P. Guastalla, Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France; *Mrs. J. Houghton and Dr. N. Williams, Clinical Trials Group of the Department of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom; *Professor A. Howell (current chairman for the main ATAC trial), Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Professor Dr. J.G.M. Klijn, Dr. Daniel den Hoed Kliniek, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and University Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. G.Y. Locker, Evanston Hospital, Kellogg Cancer Care Center, Evanston Illinois; Dr. J. Mackey, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Professor R.E. Mansel, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Professor J.M. Nabholtz, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Dr. T. Nagykalnai, Uzsoki University Hospital, Budapest, Hungary; Dr. A. Nicolucci, GIVIO Co-ordinating Centre, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Centro Di Ricerche Farmacologiche e Biomediche, Chieti, Italy; Dr. U. Nylen, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; *Dr. T. Sahmoud and Dr. R. Hellmund, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Delaware; Mr. R. Sainsbury, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Dr. N. Griffiths and Dr. G. Hoctin-Boes, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, United Kingdom; Professor J.S. Tobias, The Meyerstein Institute of Clinical Oncology, Middlesex Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

2. ^‡

   The following individuals are members of the International Project Team: E. Foster, Scottish Cancer Therapy Network Central Office, Information and Statistics Division, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; N. Griffiths, A. Doe, and F. Sapunar, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, United Kingdom; J. Houghton and N. Williams, Clinical Trials Group of the Department of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom; A. Nicolucci, Mario Negri Institute, Chieti, Italy; S. Pollard, Northern Yorkshire Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds, United Kingdom.

3. ^§

   The following individuals are members of the Independent Data Monitoring Committee: Dr. M. Buyse, International Institute for Drug Development ID Squared, Brussels, Belgium; Dr. R. Margolese, McGill University, The Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Professor J.J. Body, Institute J. Bordet, Brussels, Belgium.

4. ^¶

   The following individuals are members of collaborative/operational groups participating in ATAC: J.F. Forbes (group coordinator) and J.K. Wakeham (study coordinator), Australian New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group Operations Office, Ourimbah, Australia; S. de Placido (study coordinator) and C. Carlomagno (study coordinator), Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy; A. Nicolucci (group coordinator), M. Belfiglio (study coordinator), and M. Valentini (study coordinator), GIVIO Group, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Chieti, Italy; E. Foster (trial coordinator), Scottish Cancer Therapy Network, Information and Statistics Division, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; S. Pollard (trial coordinator), Northern & Yorkshire Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; J. Houghton (senior lecturer in clinical trials) and N. Williams (trial coordinator), Clinical Trials Group of the Department of Surgery, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

5. ^‖

   Principal investigators and main coinvestigators in the ATAC trial: Argentina: Dr. F. Coppola and Dr. C. Bas, Hospital Aleman, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dr. J. Itala and Dr. G. Cortese, Hospital de Clinicas, Buenos Aires University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dr. A. Nuñez de Pierro and Dr. D. Allemand, Hospital Gral de Agudos–Juan Fernandez, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dr. R. Orti and Dr. R. Testa, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Dr. J. Lebron, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Australia: Professor G. Gill and Dr. J. Kollias, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; Dr. J. Chirgwin and Dr. M. Leyden, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Australia; Dr. J. Beith and Dr. A. Sullivan, Royal Prince Albert Hospital, Camperdown, Australia; Dr. S. Della-Fiorentina and Dr. A. Goldrick, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, Australia; Dr. J. Chirgwin, Maroondah Hospital, Maroondah, Australia; Associate Professor G. Richardson and Dr. S. Hart, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Associate Professor G. Toner and Dr. P. Francis, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Dr. R. Snyder and Dr. I. Burns, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Professor M. Friedlander and Dr. D. Goldstein, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia; Professor J. Forbes and Dr. D. Jackson, Newcastle Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Waratah, Australia. Belgium: Dr. A. Makar and Dr. D. Van den Weyngaert, AZ Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium; Dr. D. Gangji and Dr. T. Velu, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium; Dr. M. Coibion and Dr. J.-M. Nogaret, Institut Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Dr. P. Neven and Dr. C. Laurent, St. Jan Ziekenhuis, Brussels, Belgium; Dr. J. De Mol and Dr. F. Van Aelst, Heilig Hart Ziekenhuis, Roeselare, Belgium. Canada: Dr. S.R. Sehdev, William Osler Health Centre, Brampton Memorial Hospital Campus, Brampton, Ontario, Canada; Dr. R. Simard, Complexe Hospitalier de la Sagami, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada; Dr. J.R. MacKey (former principal investigator, Dr. J.-M. Nabholtz), Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Dr. J. Dufresne, Centre Universitaire de Santé de l'Estrie (Fleurimont), Fleurimont, Quebec, Canada; Dr. W.S. Lofters, Kingston Regional Cancer Center, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Dr. D.R. Holland, Lethbridge Cancer Clinic, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada; Dr. H.L. Solow, Markham Stouville Health Centre, Markham, Ontario, Canada; Dr. J.A. Gapski, Trillium Health Centre, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada; Dr. S.H. Rubin (former principal investigator, Dr. O.R. Keller), South East Health Care Oncology Department, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada; Dr. A. Robidoux, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal–Campus Hotel-Dieu, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Dr. B. Lesperance, Hospital Sacre Coeur, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Dr. L.C. Panasci, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Dr. L.A. Zibdawi, York County Hospital, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada; Dr. J. Chang, Lakeridge Health, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada; Dr. M.L. Brigden (former principal investigator, Dr. D.L. Saltman), Penticton Regional Hospital, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada; Dr. R.F. Wierzbicki, Peterborough Regional Health Center Oncology Clinic, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; Dr. B.P. Findlay, Department of Oncology, Hotel-Dieu Hospital, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Dr. J. Robert, CHA-Pavillion St. Sacrement, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Dr. S. Lebel (former principal investigator, Dr. M. Potvin), Hospital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Dr. M.R.B.T. Tirona, Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada; Dr. M.J. Burnell, Atlantic Health Sciences Corporation, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Dr. O.R. Keller (former principal investigator, Dr. B.A. Walley), Saskatoon Cancer Center, University of Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Dr. P.L.D. Walde, Group Health Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada; Dr. S.-C. Tang, H. Bliss Murphy Cancer Centre, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada; Dr. C.J. Germond, Northeastern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Y. Rahim, Toronto East General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. J.J. Wilson, Humber River Regional Hospital, Weston, Ontario, Canada; Dr. A.L. Cooke (former principal investigator, Dr. D.M. Bowman), Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Czech Republic: Dr. K. Petrakova and Dr. R. Demlova, Masarykuv Onkologicky Ustav, Brno, Czech Republic; Dr. P. Vodvarka and Dr. T. Kysela, FNsP Ostrava, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; Dr. B. Konopasek and Dr. P. Mares, Vseobecna Fakultni Nemocnice, Prague, Czech Republic. France: Professor J.-Edouard Mention, Centre de Gyneco-Obstetrique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Amiens, France; Dr. D. Serin and Dr. Y. Goubely-Brewer, Clinique Ste. Catherine, Avignon, France; Professor J.-P. Labat and Dr. J.-P. Malhaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, Brest, France; Dr. G. Devulder and Dr. S. Mirdat-Dako, Centre Hospitalier Laënnec, Creil, France; Professor D. Houze De L'Aunoit and Dr. J.-Y. Charvolin, Hôpital St. Philibert, Lomme, France; Dr. J.-P. Guastalla and Dr. T. Bachelot, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France; Dr. R. Coquard and Dr. B. Velay, Clinique St. Jean, Lyon, France; Dr. C. Lejeune and Dr. D. Hadjadj-Aoul, Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France; Dr. M. Untereiner and Dr. O. Rixe, Hôpital–Clinique Claude Bernard, Metz, France; Professor F. Laffargue, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France; Dr. M. Rios, Centre Alexis Vautrin, Nancy, France; Dr. J.-M. Vannetzel and Dr. R. Mahjoubi, Centre Chirurgical Henri Hartmann, Neuilly sur Seine, France; Dr. R. Samak, Cabinet Medical, Nice, France; Dr. F. Morvan and Dr. F. Rousseau, Centre Hospitalier, Pontoise, France; Dr. C. Veyret and Dr. J.P. Julien, Centre Henri Becquerel, Rouen, France; Dr. B. Cutuli and Dr. P. Quetin, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France; Professor J.-P. Brettes and Dr. C. Mathelin, Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France. Germany: Professor Dr. W. Distler and Dr. A. Schindelhauer, Universidtsklinik Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Professor Dr. W. Jaeger and Dr. G. Wieland, Frauenklinik Friedrich-Alexander–Universitæt Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany; Dr. C. Oberhoff and Dr. D. Hanisch, Zentrum f. Frauenheilkunde Universitætsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany; Dr. J. Bechler and Dr. S. Malur, Klinik f. Frauenheilkunde u. Geburtshilfe Friedrich-Schiller-Universitæt Jena, Jena, Germany; Professor Dr. W. Eiermann and Dr. G. Raab, Frauenklinik vom Roten Kreuz, Munich, Germany. Hungary: Dr. J. Fodor and Dr. C. Polgar, National Oncology Institute, Budapest, Hungary; Dr. K. Moskovits and Dr. Z. Nagy, St. Imre Hospital, Budapest, Hungary; Dr. T. Nagykalnai and Dr. L. Landherr, Uzsoki St. Hospital, Budapest, Hungary; Dr. T. Pinter and Dr. G. Herodek, Petz Aladar Hospital, Gyor, Hungary; Dr. B. Piko and Dr. I. Szegedi, Pandy Kalman County Hospital, Gyula, Hungary; Dr. J. Szanto and Dr. L. Marazi, BAZ County Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary; Dr. Z. Kahan, SZTE Oncotherapy Clinic, Szeged, Hungary. Ireland: Mr. E. McDermott and Professor N. O'Higgins, St. Vincent's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Professor T. Gorey, The Mater Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Professor F. Given and Dr. S. Tormey, University College Galway, Galway, Ireland. Italy: Dr. M. Bonsignori and Dr. S. Rossini, Ospedale Torrette, Ancona, Italy; Dr. F. Di Vito and Dr. M. Cucchi, Ospedale Regionale, Aosta, Italy; Dr. F. Testore and Mrs. L. Giaretto, Ospedale Civile, Asti, Italy; Dr. F. Recchia and Dr. S. De Filippis, Ospedale Civile, Avezzano, Italy; M. De Lena and Dr. F Schittulli, Istituto Scientifico Oncologico, Bari, Italy; Dr. A. Martoni and Dr. E. Piana, Ospedale Sant'Orsola–M. Malpighi, Bologna, Italy; Dr. G. Marini and Dr. P. Marpicati, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy; Dr. M. Pintus and Dr. A. Tedde, Ospedale Oncologico A. Businco, Cagliari, Italy; Dr. M. Botta and Dr. D. Degiovanni, Ospedale Santo Spirito, Casale Monferrato, Italy; Dr. L. Basilico and Dr. M. Taraborrelli, Ospedale SS Annunziata, Chieti, Italy; Dr. S. Bravi and Dr. F. Biagioni, Ospedale Civile, Città di Castello, Italy; Dr. M. Giordano and Dr. G. Luchena, Ospedale Sant'Anna, Como, Italy; Dr. G. Scognamiglio and Dr. A. Beretta, Ospedale Valduce, Como, Italy; Professor P. Marchetti and Dr. M.E. D'Addario, Università degli Studi, Coppito, Italy; Dr. M. Obialero and Dr. F. Peradotto, Ospedale Civile, Cuorgné, Italy; Dr. M. Indelli and Dr. G. Lelli, Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy; Dr. A. Nuzzo and Dr. L. Laudadio, Ospedale Floraspe Renzetti, Lanciano, Italy; Dr. M. D'Aprile and Dr. M. Natali, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy; Dr. G. Cruciani and Dr. E. Montanari, Ospedale Umberto I, Lugo, Italy; Dr. E. Aitini and Dr. G. Cavazzini, Ospedale C. Poma, Mantova, Italy; Professor V. Adamo and Professor G. Altavilla, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy; Dr. S. Barni and Dr. A. Ardizzoia, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy; Dr. A. De Matteis and Dr. G. Landi, Istituto Nazionale Studi e Cura Tumori G. Pascale, Naples, Italy; Dr. G. D'Aiuto and Dr. R. Thomas, Istituto Nazionale Tumori G. Pascale, Naples, Italy; Dr. R. Lauria and Dr. M. De Laurentis, Universita Federico II, Naples, Italy; Dr. A. Fornasiero and Dr. H. Koussis, Ospedale Civile, Padua, Italy; Dr. G. Brignone and Dr. L. Mesi, Ospedale Oncologico M. Ascoli, Palermo, Italy; Professor A. Riccardi and Dr. P. Pugliese, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Dr. G. Pavia and Dr. T. Porro, Ospedale Civile, Rho, Italy; Dr. F. Cognetti and Dr. P. Papaldo, Istituto Regina Elena, Rome, Italy; Dr. G. Gasparini and Dr. M.A. Castellana, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome, Italy; Dr. M. Mattarei and Dr. S. Robbiati, Ospedale Civile Santa Maria delle Grazie, Rovereto, Italy; Professor A. Farris and Dr. G. Sanna, Istituto Clinica Medica, Sassari, Italy; Dr. C. Vucusa and Dr. M. Viglietta, Ospedale SS Annunziata, Savigliano, Italy; Dr. G. Fornari and Dr. A. Turletti, Ospedale Evangelico Valdese, Turin, Italy; Dr. E. Arnoldi, Azienda Ospedaliera Bolognini H. San Isidoro, Trescore Balneario, Italy; Dr. A. Richetti and Dr. M. Molteni, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy. New Zealand: Mr. I. Campbell and Dr. R. Gannaway, Breast Care Centre, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand. Poland: Dr. J. Tujakowski and Dr. M. Osmanska, Regional Oncology Centre, Bydoszcz, Poland; Dr. P. Koralewski and Dr. M. Urbanska, Ludwick Rydygier Memorial Hospital, Krakow, Poland; Dr. B. Karczmarek-Borowska and Dr. B. Kukielka-Budny, Regional Oncology Centre, Lublin, Poland; Dr. M. Teresiak and Dr. P. Laski, Regional Oncology Centre, Poznan, Poland; Dr. M. Krzakowski and E. Pucula, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Oncology Centre, Warsaw, Poland. Portugal: Dr. A. Alcazar, Hospital Reynaldo dos Santos, Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal; Dr. O. Campos and Dr. I. Botto, Maternidade Bissaya Barreto, Coimbra, Portugal; Dr. O. Candeias and Dr. H. Ramires, Hospital de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal; Dr. M. Chumbo, Hospital Condes de Castro Guimaraes, Cascais, Portugal; Dr. H. Gervasio, IPO–Hospital de Dia, Coimbra, Portugal; Dr. D. Jardim da Pena and Dr. R. Nabiço, Hospital de Sao Marcos, Braga, Portugal; Professor C. Oliveira and Dr. E. Abraul, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Slovakia: Professor S. Spanik and Dr. I. Vochyanova, Onkologicky Ustav Sv. Alzbety, Bratislava, Slovakia; Dr. M. Wagnerova and Dr. I. Andrasina, FNsP L. Pasteura, Kosice, Slovakia. South Africa: Dr. A. Maxwell, 140 Chelmsford Road, Berea, South Africa; Professor L. Goedhals and Dr. L. Smith, National Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Professor I. Werner and Dr. E. Murray, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Dr. J. Apffelstaedt and Dr. I. Loubser, Tyerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Dr. D. Hacking, Durban Oncology Centre, Durban, South Africa; Dr. G. Landers, Parklands Hospital, Durban, South Africa; Dr. D. Vorobiof, Sandton Oncology Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa. Spain: Dr. A. Barnadas, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Dra. C. Alonso Muñoz, Hospital Santa Cruz y San Pablo, Barcelona, Spain; Dr. J. Baselga and Dr. J. Tabernero, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Dr. M. BeltrÁn and Dr. E. Canals, Hospital Josep Trueta, Gerona, Spain; Dr. S. Menjón, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain; Dra. L. Calvo, Hospital Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, Spain; Dr. J.R. Mel and Dr. G. Quintero, Hospital Xeral Calde, Lugo, Spain; Dr. G. Perez Manga and Dr. A. Alonso, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Dra. P. España and Dr. R. Cubedo Cervera, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; Dra. C. Sánchez Martínez and Dr. M. Repolles Escarda,Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Dr. P. Aramburo and Dr. J.E. Alés, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain; Dr. J.J. Valerdi and Dr. M. Tejedor Gutierrez, Hospital de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Dr. M. Constenla and Dr. R. Garcia Arroyo, Hospital de Montecelo, Pontevedra, Spain; Dr. J. Lizon and Dra. C. Angeles, Hospital San Juan, San Juan de Alicante, Spain; Dr. J.M. Lopez-Vega, Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain; Dra. D. Menendez, Hospital Provincial de Conxo, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Dr. J.A. Moreno Nogueira and Dr. M.R. Borrego, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain; Dr. J. Montalar and Dra. A. Santaballa, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Dr. V. Guillem and Dr. A. Llombart, Instituto Valenciano Oncología, Valencia, Spain; Dr. G. Huidobro Vence and Dr. J. Casal, Hospital Meixoeiro, Vigo, Spain. Sweden: Dr. S.-Å. Olsson and Dr. L. Ryden, Sjukhuset, Ängelholm, Sweden; Dr. S. Rotstein and Dr. D. Pettersson-Sköld, Danderyds Sjukhus, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. B. Börjesson, Länssjukhuset, Halmstad, Sweden; Dr. P.-E. Jönsson and Dr. M. Malmberg, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden; Dr. L. Lovén and Dr. I. Grybäck, Centralsjukhuset, Kristianstad, Sweden; Dr. C. Ingvar and Dr. P. Lindblom, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Dr. S.B. Holmberg, SU/Mölndal Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Dr. U. Nylén and Dr. E. Lidbrink, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. T. Fornander and Dr. G. Winblad, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. R. Fernstad and Dr. L. Löfgren, St. Görans Sjukhus, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr. T. Ambré and Dr. M. Nilsson, Centrallasarettet, Växjö, Sweden. The Netherlands: Dr. L. Siegenbeek van Heukelom, Medisch Centrum Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Dr. R. Boom and Dr. D. van Geldere, Ziekenhuis Amstelveen, Amstelveen, The Netherlands; Dr. A. de Boer, IJsselland Ziekenhuis, Capelle a/d IJssel, The Netherlands; Dr. E. Maartense, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands; Dr. D. Halkema, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Dordrecht, The Netherlands; Dr. C. Dijkhuis, Oosterschelde Ziekenhuis, Goes, The Netherlands; Dr. M. van Hennik, Beatrix Ziekenhuis, Gorinchem, The Netherlands; Dr. P. Willemse, Academisch Ziekenhuis Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Dr. H. van Veelen and Dr. H. de Graaf, Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands; Dr. E. Bruggink and Dr. L. Strobbe, Nijmeegs Interconfessioneel Ziekenhuis Canisius Wilhelmina, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Dr. D. de Gooyer, Ziekenhuis Franciscus, Roosendaal, The Netherlands; Dr. J. Janssen, Ziekenhuis Franciscus, Roosendaal, The Netherlands; Dr. M. Leijs, Medisch Centrum Rijnmond Zuid, locatie Clara, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. J. Stouthard, Medisch Centrum Rijnmond Zuid, locatie Clara, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. J. Klijn and Dr. C. Seynaeve, Academisch Ziekenhuis Rotterdam, locatie Daniel den Hoed, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Dr. F. Erdkamp, Maasland Ziekenhuis, Sittard, The Netherlands; Dr. F. Kauw, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Sliedrecht, The Netherlands, Dr. A. van Reisen, Ziekenhuis Zeeuws Vlaanderen, locatie de Honte, Terneuzen, The Netherlands; Dr. C. van der Heul, St. Elisabeth Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, The Netherlands; Dr. J. Ruit, Vlietland Ziekenhuis, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands; Dr. L. Kerhofs, Ziekenhuis Walcheren, Vlissingen, The Netherlands; Dr. R. de Kan and Dr. R. Hellingman, Zweedse Rode Kruis Ziekenhuis, Zierikzee, The Netherlands; Dr. E. Trommel, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands; Dr. J. Coenen, Isala Klinieken, locatie Sophia, Zwolle, The Netherlands. Turkey: Professor E. Baltali, Hacettepe University Oncology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; Professor A. Aydiner, Istanbul University Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey. United Kingdom: Dr. A. Hutcheon and Dr. T. Sarkar, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom; Mr. T. Bates and Mr. N. Griffiths, South Kent Hospitals NHS Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, United Kingdom; Mr. M. Carr, Cheviot & Wansbeck NHS Trust, Wansbeck General Hospital, Ashington, United Kingdom; Dr. C. Alcock, Stoke Mandeville Hospital NHS Trust, Aylesbury, United Kingdom; Dr. B. Lavery and Dr. E. Sugden, Horton Hospital, Radcliffe Hospitals NHS Trust, Banbury, United Kingdom; Professor N. Stuart and Mr. Derek Crawford, Gwynedd Hospital NHS Trust, Bangor, United Kingdom; Mr. A. Wilkinson and Mr. G. Odling-Smee, Belfast City Hospital NHS Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom; Dr. W. Abram and Dr. A. Patterson, Belfast City Hospital NHS Trust, Belfast, United Kingdom; Mr. A. Aukland and Dr. D. Spooner, Sandwell Healthcare NHS Trust, Sandwell District General Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Mr. H. Bishop and Mr. R. Salem, The Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, United Kingdom; Dr. T. Hickish and Mr. A. Skene, Royal Bournemouth & Christchurch NHS Trust, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom; Dr. C. Bradley and Dr. Dennis Parker, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom; Mr. S. Cawthorn and Dr. M. Shere, Frenchay Healthcare NHS Trust, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom; Dr. S. Goodman and Dr. E. Whipp, United Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Dr. A. Moody, West Suffolk Hospital NHS Trust, Bury St. Edmunds, United Kingdom; Dr. C. Wilson and Dr. E. Cox, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Professor R. Mansel and Ms. H. Sweetland, University Hospital of Wales NHS Trust, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Dr. P. Sauven and Dr. S. Chandrasekharan, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Chelmsford and Essex Centre, Chelmsford, United Kingdom; Mr. G. Layer, St. Peter's Hospital NHS Trust, Chertsey, United Kingdom; Dr. P. Murray and Ms. F. MacNeill, Essex Rivers Healthcare NHS Trust, Essex County Hospital, Colchester, United Kingdom; Mr. J. Fox, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom; Mr. A. Ball, Crawley Horsham NHS Trust, Crawley Hospital, Crawley, United Kingdom; Mr. G. Rawsthorne, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, United Kingdom; Mr. R. Blunt, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, United Kingdom; Dr. J. Dewar and Mr. A. Thompson, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom; Dr. W. Taylor and Mr. A. Cook, North Durham NHS Trust, Dryburn Hospital, Durham, United Kingdom; Dr. I. Kunkler, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Dr. D. Cameron and Professor R. Leonard, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Mr. W. Cunliffe and Mr. D. Browell, Gateshead Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, United Kingdom; Professor W.D. George, Dr. A.N. Harnett, and Dr. C.T. Twelves, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Mr. D.C. Smith, Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Mr. M. Kissin, The Royal Surrey County and St. Luke's NHS Trust, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom; Mr. V. Modgill and Mr. P. Surtees, Halifax Royal Infirmary, Halifax, United Kingdom; Mr. R. Knox, Harrogate District Hospital, Harrogate, United Kingdom; Dr. J. Joffe, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, United Kingdom; Dr. B. Lavery and Professor A. Harris, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, United Kingdom; Mr. J. Nicholls and Mr. S. Raymond, St. Albans & Hemel Hempstead NHS Trust, St. Albans, United Kingdom; Dr. B. Lavery and Dr. N. Rowell, South Bucks NHS Trust, Wycombe General Hospital, High Wycombe, United Kingdom; Dr. J. LeVay and Mr. T. Archer, Ipswich Hospitals NHS Trust, Ipswich, United Kingdom; Mr. A. Nejim and Dr. I. Hutchinson, Airedale General Hospital, Keighley, United Kingdom; Mr. M. Lansdown and Dr. T. Perren, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Mr. K. Horgan and Dr. D. Dodwell, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom; Mr. C. Holcombe, Royal Liverpool University Hospital NHS Trust, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Mr. J. Rainey, St. John's Hospital at Howden, Livingston, United Kingdom; Dr. G. Howard, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Mr. S. Holt and Mr. Y. Sharaiha, Llanelli & Dinefwr NHS Trust, Price Phillip Hospital, Llanelli, United Kingdom; Dr. J. Tobias and Dr. M. Gaze, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, The Middlesex Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Dr. J. Mansi and Mr. N. Sacks, St. George's NHS Trust, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Dr. C. Coulter and Dr. S. Stewart, St. Mary's NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Dr. A. Jones and Mr. T. Davidson, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mr. Sainsbury, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Dr. A. Jones and Mr. A. Wilson, Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Professor I. Smith and Mr. G. Gui, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Trust, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Mr. D. Matheson, Macclesfield District General Hospital, Macclesfield, United Kingdom; Professor A. Howell and Dr. A. Stewart, Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Dr. L. Barr and Dr. N. Bundred, Withington Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Ms. P. Durning and Mr. A. Clason, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Mr. A. Mitchell and Mr. R. Souter, Milton Keynes General Hospital, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom; Mr. C. Griffith and Mr. A. Griffiths, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; Dr. C. Gaffney, Glan Hafren NHS Trust, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, United Kingdom; Mr. M. Stokes, Daisy Hill Hospital, Newry, United Kingdom; Mr. J. Dawson and Mr. S. Powis, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Northampton, United Kingdom; Mr. I. Goulbourne, North Tyneside Health Care NHS Trust, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, United Kingdom; Dr. A. Makris and Dr. E. Maher, Mount Vernon & Watford Hospitals NHS Trust, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, United Kingdom; Professor J.R. Robertson and Professor R. Blamey, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Mr. R. Nangalia and Mr. H. Bishop, George Eliot Hospital NHS Trust, Nuneaton, United Kingdom; Mr. I. McIntosh, Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, United Kingdom; Mr. D. Pinto, Sperrin Lakeland Health & Social Care Trust, Tyrone County Hospital, Omagh, United Kingdom; Dr. B. Lavery and Dr. A. Jones, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital NHS Trust, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Mr. R. Watkins and Dr. S. Prance, Plymouth Hospital NHS Trust, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom; Dr. C. Tyrrell and Dr. P. Macleod, Plymouth Hospital NHS Trust, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, United Kingdom; Mr. C. Yiangou and Professor P. Perry, Portsmouth Hospital NHS Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom; Mr. C. Humphrey, Birch Hill Hospital,Rochdale, United Kingdom; Dr. M. Quigley, Havering Hospitals NHS Trust, Oldchurch Hospital, Romford, United Kingdom; Ms. Z. Saad and Dr. E. Hoare, Salford Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Hope Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom; Professor R. Coleman and Mr. S. Kohlhardt, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Mr. B. Harrison, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Dr. R. Agrawal, Royal Shrewsbury NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom; Mr. P. Forouhi, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Ealing Hospital, Southall, United Kingdom; Dr. P. Canney, Stirling Royal Infirmary, Stirling, United Kingdom; Mr. P. England, Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, United Kingdom; Mr. C. Hennessy and Mr. A. Peel, North Tees General Hospital, Stockton-on-Tees, United Kingdom; Mr. E. Hoare, Trafford General Hospital, Trafford, United Kingdom; Dr. S. Kelly and Dr. K. Stepp, Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Treliske Hospital, Truro, United Kingdom; Dr. D. Sebag-Montefiore, Pinderfield Hospital, Wakefield, United Kingdom; Dr. R. Grieve and Mr. T. Waterworth, Walsgrave Hospitals NHS Trust, Walsgrave, United Kingdom; Mr. G. Copeland, Warrington Hospital NHS Trust, Warrington, United Kingdom; Dr. D. Jones, South Warwickshire General Hospitals NHS Trust, Warwick, United Kingdom; Dr. A. Robinson and Dr. C. Trask, Southend Healthcare NHS Trust Hospital, Westcliffe-on-Sea, United Kingdom; Professor P. Barrett-Lee, Velindre NHS Trust Hospital, Whitchurch, United Kingdom; Mr. R. Rainsbury and Dr. V. Hall, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester & Eastleigh Healthcare NHS Trust, Winchester, United Kingdom; Mr. D. Berstock and Dr. R. Errington, Wirral Hospital NHS Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom; Dr. D. Fairlamb, Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Mr. A. Salman and Mr. A. Johri, Worthing Southlands Hospital NHS Trust, Worthing Hospital, Worthing, United Kingdom; Dr. S. Goodman and Dr. G. Sparrow, East Somerset NHS Trust, Yeovil District Hospital, Yeovil, United Kingdom; Mr. S. Nicholson, York District Hospital, York, United Kingdom. United States of America: Dr. A. Mangalik, University of New Mexico Cancer Research and Treatment Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Dr. S.J. Yee, Suite 304, Arcadia, California; Dr. J.M. Feigert, Arlington Fairfax Hematology/Oncology, Arlington, Virginia; Dr. R.O. Kerr, Southwest Regional Cancer Center, Austin, Texas; Dr. K. Tkaczuk, University of Maryland Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Dr. M. Thant, Hematology/Oncology Associates, Baltimore, Maryland; Dr. C.E. Hartz, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Cancer Care of Maine, Bangor, Maine; Dr. G.P. Miletello, Hematology/Oncology Clinic, Baton Rouge, Lousiana; Dr. W.J. Popovic, Illinois Oncology Ltd., Belleville, Illinois; Dr. D.B. Myers, Billings Interhospital Oncology Project, Billings, Montana; Dr. M.R. Thomas, Mid Dakota Clinic, Bismarck, North Dakota; Dr. A.J. Koletsky, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Boca Raton, Florida; Dr. E.G. Levine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York; Dr. C.F. White, Lahey Clinic, Department of Medical Oncology, Burlington, Massachusetts; Dr. G. Grana, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, New Jersey; Dr. K.E. Weeman, Aultman Hospital Cancer Research Program, Canton, Ohio; Dr. L.L. Schlabach, University Oncology Associates, Chattanooga, Tennessee; Dr. S.G. Taylor, Illinois Masonic Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois; Dr. P. Silverman, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Dr. D.L. Headley, The Oncology Clinic PC, Colorado Springs, Colorado; Dr. M.F. Gonzalez, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina; Dr. L.R. Laufman, Columbus Community Clinical Oncology Program, Columbus, Ohio; Dr. J.L. Blum, US Oncology Services, Dallas, Texas; Dr. H.S. Shaw (former principal investigator, Dr. L.N. Harris), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Dr. N. Dimitrov (former principal investigator, Dr. D. MacDonald), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Dr. E.T. O'Brien, The Regional Cancer Center, Erie, Pennsylvania; Dr. G.Y. Locker, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Kellogg Cancer Care Center, Evanston, Illinois; Dr. N.J. Robert, Inova/Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, Virginia; Dr. M.S. Rubin, Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers, Florida; Dr. G.R. Justice, Pacific Coast Hematology/Oncology Medical Group, Fountain Valley, California; Dr. T.J. O'Rourke (former principal investigator, Dr. J.R. Borst), Grand Rapids Clinical Oncology Program, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Dr. A.U. Buzdar, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Dr. J.K. Hon, Comprehensive Cancer Care Institute, Huntsville, Alabama; Dr. R.H. Clark, Hematology/Oncology Associates, Jackson, Mississippi; Dr. H.B. Sher, Jacksonville Oncology Group, Jacksonville, Florida; Dr. K.B. Pendergrass, Kansas City Internal Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Dr. A.M. Grossman, Knoxville Hematology/Oncology, Knoxville, Tennessee; Dr. H.P. DeGreen, Lancaster Cancer Center Ltd., Lancaster, Pennsylvania; Dr. R. Kosierowski, North Penn Hospital, Lansdale, Pennsylvania; Dr. H.J. Allen, Southwest Cancer Clinic, Las Vegas, Nevada; Dr. J.D. Conroy (former principal investigator, Dr. M.A. Simmonds), Central Pennsylvania Hematology and Medical Oncology Associates, Lemoyne, Pennsylvania; Dr. J.J. Sternberg, Clinical Investigation Specialist, Suite 300, Searcy Building, Little Rock, Arkansas; Dr. G.P. Sarna, Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California; Dr. L. Bhupalam (former principal investigator, Dr. G.C. Michelson), James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky; Dr. M.H. Ward, Medical Arts Clinic, Lubbock, Texas; Dr. P.T. Silberstein, North Iowa Mercy Health Center, Mason City, Iowa; Dr. P.V. Pickens, Abington Hematology-Oncology, Meadowbrook, Pennsylvania; Dr. M.A. Schwartz, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami Beach, Florida; Dr. J. Singson, Oncology Associates SC, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Dr. J.G. Schneider, Winthrop University, Mineola, New York; Dr. M.M. Oken, Virginia Piper Cancer Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Dr. M.W. Meshad, Providence Hospital, Mobile, Alabama; Dr. F.A. Greco, Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Dr. M.J. Guarino, Christiana Hospital, Newark, Delaware; Dr. K.K. Boatman, INTERGIS Oncology Services, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Dr. J.A. Mailliard, Creighton Cancer Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Dr. A.S. Kelley, Ventura County Hematology-Oncology, Oxnard, California; Dr. D.W. Northfelt (former principal investigator, Dr. E.S. Camacho), Desert Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Palm Springs, California; Dr. R.A. Hirsch, Comprehensive Cancer Research Group, Pembroke Pines, Florida; Dr. B.R. Piccone, The Care Group PC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Dr. M.S. Roberts, Hematology & Oncology Associates Ltd., Phoenix, Arizona; Dr. J.I. Spector, Berkshire Hematology Oncology, Pittsfield, Massachusetts; Dr. N. Tirumali (former principal investigator, Dr. A.G. Glass), Kaiser Permanente, Central Interstate Medical Office, Portland, Oregon; Dr. M.A. Deutsch, Raleigh Hematology Oncology, Raleigh, North Carolina; Dr. D.M. Sahasrabudhe, University of Rochester Cancer Center, Rochester, New York; Dr. P. Bushunow (former principal investigator, Dr. M. Brower), Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York; Dr. T.J. Woodlock (former principal investigator, Dr. K.J. Pandya), St. Mary's Hospital, Rochester, New York; Dr. W.R. Edwards, The Cancer Center, Rockford Clinic, Rockford, Illinois; Dr. I.A. Jaiyesimi, Cancer Care Associates PC, Royal Oak, Michigan; Dr. F.C. Kass, Santa Barbara Hematology-Oncology Medical Group, Santa Barbara, California; Dr. L.W. Keiser, Redwood Regional Medical Group, Santa Rosa, California; Dr. G.V. Burton, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, Louisiana; Dr. J.C. Michalak, Siouxland Hematology/Oncology Associates, Sioux City, Iowa; Dr. M.S. McHale, University Physicians Oncology Clinic, Sioux Falls, South Dakota; Dr. J.R. Goodman, Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan; Dr. P.D. Byeff, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Bradley Memorial Hospital, Southington, Connecticut; Dr. K.L. Hoelzer, Springfield Clinic, Springfield, Illinois; Dr. E.P. Lester, Oncology Care Associates PLLC, St. Joseph, Michigan; Dr. A.P. Lyss, Missouri Baptist Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri; Dr. M.E. Woodson, Hematology Oncology Consultants Inc., St. Louis, Missouri; Dr. H.S. Puc, Hematology and Oncology Associates, Syracuse, New York; Dr. F. Senecal, Hematology Oncology Northwest PC, Tacoma, Washington; Dr. J. Horton, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Dr. R.R. Young, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas; Dr. I.S. Lowenthal, Northwestern Connecticut Oncology and Hematology Associates, Torrington, Connecticut; Dr. H.B. Nevinny, Cancer Treatment Center of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma; Dr. E.P. Gelman (former principal investigators, Dr. D.F. Hayes and Dr. M.J.C. Ellis), Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; Dr. M.A. Vukelich, Kettle Moraine Oncology SC, West Bend, Wisconsin; Dr. K. Seetharaman (former principal investigator, Dr. L.L. Stolbach), St. Vincent's Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts.

6. ^††

   Michael Baum, Aman Buzdar, Jack Cuzick, John Forbes, Joan Houghton, Anthony Howell, and Jan Klijn all have received travel awards and honoraria from AstraZeneca for the purposes of attending ATAC Trial Steering Committee meetings or presenting the results of the ATAC trial. Michael Baum has provided independent paid consultation on aspects relating to the ATAC trial. Jack Cuzick is a principal investigator on an unrestricted educational grant awarded to Cancer Research UK by AstraZeneca for the evaluation of aromatase inhibitors in breast cancer prevention. Tarek Sahmoud is an employee of AstraZeneca and holds stock in the company. Joan Houghton holds a contract with Astra Zeneca for operational management and to support some of the monitoring of the trial.

7. ^‡‡

   Fax: (011) 44 0 207 679 9678

Email: The ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) Trialists' Group (j.houghton@ctg.ucl.ac.uk)

^*Department of Surgery, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK

Publication History

1. Issue published online: 22 OCT 2003
2. Article first published online: 29 SEP 2003
3. Manuscript Accepted: 30 JUN 2003
4. Manuscript Revised: 23 JUN 2003
5. Manuscript Received: 13 MAY 2003