SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Calabresi P, Freeman H. Concerns of special populations. Cancer. 1997; 80: 12581260.
  • 2
    Britton A, McKee M, Black N, McPherson K, Sanderson C, Bain C. Threats to applicability of randomised trials: exclusions and selective participation. J Health Serv Res Policy. 1999; 4: 112121.
  • 3
    Kennedy B. Aging and cancer: geriatric oncology—keynote address to the integrating geriatrics into oncology education. Cancer. 1997; 80: 12701272.
  • 4
    Trimble E, Carter C, Cain D, Freidlin B, Ungerleider R, Friedman M. Representation of older patients in cancer treatment trials. Cancer. 1994; 74: 22082214.
  • 5
    Yancik R. Cancer burden in the aged: an epidemiologic and demographic overview. Cancer. 1997; 80: 12731283.
  • 6
    Murthy VH, Krumholz HM, Gross CP. Participation in cancer clinical trials: race-, sex-, and age-based disparities. JAMA. 2004; 291(22): 27202726.
  • 7
    Hutchins L, Unger J, Crowley J, Coltman C, Albain K. Underrepresentation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer-treatment trials. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 20612067.
  • 8
    Lewis JH, Kilgore ML, Goldman DP, et al. Participation of patients 65 years of age or older in cancer clinical trials. J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21: 13831389.
  • 9
    Brawley OW. Disaggregating the effects of race and poverty on breast cancer outcomes. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002; 94: 471473.
  • 10
    Chen VW, Correa P, Kurman RJ, et al. Histological characteristics of breast carcinoma in blacks and whites. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994; 3: 127135.
  • 11
    Elledge RM, Clark GM, Chamness GC, Osborne CK. Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black women in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994; 86: 705712.
  • 12
    Hoffman LK. Race and cancer genetics: lessons from BRCA1. Oncology (Huntingt). 2002; 16: 108112; discussion, 113, 118–119.
  • 13
    Ehrenberger HE, Breeden JR, Donovan ME. A demonstration project to increase the awareness of cancer clinical trials among community-dwelling seniors. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2003; 30: E80E83.
  • 14
    Kemeny MM, Peterson BL, Kornblith AB, et al. Barriers to clinical trial participation by older women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21: 22682275.
  • 15
    Burchard EG, Ziv E, Coyle N, et al. The importance of race and ethnic background in biomedical research and clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348: 11701175.
  • 16
    Dignam J, Ye Y, Colangelo L. Prognosis after rectal cancer in blacks and whites participating in adjuvant therapy randomized trials. J Clin Oncol. 2003; 21: 413420.
  • 17
    Schwartz KL, Crossley-May H, Vigneau FD, Brown K, Banerjee M. Race, socioeconomic status and stage at diagnosis for five common malignancies. Cancer Causes Control. 2003; 14: 761766.
  • 18
    Mandelblatt J, Andrews H, Kerner J, Zauber A, Burnett W. Determinants of late stage diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer: the impact of age, race, social class, and hospital type. Am J Public Health. 1991; 81: 646649.
  • 19
    Roetzheim RG, Pal N, Tennant C, et al. Effects of health insurance and race on early detection of cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999; 91: 14091415.
  • 20
    Cross CK, Harris J, Recht A. Race, socioeconomic status, and breast carcinoma in the U.S: what have we learned from clinical studies? Cancer. 2002; 95: 19881999.
  • 21
    Bradley CJ, Given CW, Roberts C. Race, socioeconomic status, and breast cancer treatment and survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002; 94: 490496.
  • 22
    Crowe JP Jr., Gordon NH, Shenk RR, Zollinger RM Jr., Brumberg DJ, Shuck JM. Age does not predict breast cancer outcome. Arch Surg. 1994; 129: 483487; discussion, 487–488.
  • 23
    Unson CG, Ohannessian C, Kenyon L, Case A, Reisine S, Prestwood K. Barriers to eligibility and enrollment among older women in a clinical trial on osteoporosis: effects of ethnicity and SES. J Aging Health. 2004; 16: 426443.
  • 24
    Greenlick M, Bailery J, Wild J, Grover J. Characteristics of men most likely to respond to an invitation to be screened. Am J Public Health. 1979; 69: 10111015.
  • 25
    McKeown M. Occupational screenings: recruitment of government employees. Circulation. 1982; 66: IV43IV46.
  • 26
    Anonymous. Cancer facts and figures—1999. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, 1999.
  • 27
    National Cancer Institute. Clinical Data System Update Version 3.0. National Cancer Institute Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, June, 2003. Available from URL: http://ctep.cancer.gov/reporting/cdus.html. vol. 2002 [accessed 30 Nov 04].
  • 28
    Ries L, Kosary C, Hankey B, Miller B, Harras A, Edwards B. SEER cancer statistics review. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute, 1997.
  • 29
    Potosky A, Riley G, Lubitz J, Mentnech R, Kessler L. Potential for cancer related health services research using a linked Medicare-tumor related database. Med Care. 1993; 31: 732748.
  • 30
    Warren J, Klabunde C, Schrag D, Bach P, Riley G. Overview of SEER-Medicare data: content, research applications, and generalizability to the United States elderly population. Med Care. 2002; 40(Suppl): IV3IV18.
  • 31
    United States Department of the Census. 2000 US census. Available from URL: http://www.census.gov/support/2000/SF3/, 2000 [accessed 30 Nov 04].
  • 32
    Bach PB, Guadagnoli E, Schrag D, Schussler N, Warren JL. Patient demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in the SEER-Medicare database applications and limitations. Med Care. 2002; 40(8 Suppl ): IV19IV25.
  • 33
    Interstudy Publications. County surveyor database 3.0. St. Paul: Interstudy Publications, 2003.
  • 34
    Campbell E, Weissman J, Blumenthal D. Relationship between market competition and activities and attitudes of medical school faculty. JAMA. 1997; 278: 222226.
  • 35
    Moy E, Mazzaschi A, Levin R, Blake D, Griner P. Relationship between National Institutes of Health research awards to US medical schools and managed care market penetration. JAMA. 1997; 278: 217221.
  • 36
    Wholey D, Christianson J, Engber J, Bryce C. HMO market structure and performance. Health Aff (Millwood). 1997; 16: 7584.
  • 37
    Gaskin DJ, Hadley J. The impact of HMO penetration on the rate of hospital cost inflation. Inquiry. 1997; 34: 205216.
  • 38
    Bridger Systems, Inc. ZipFinder Deluxe 4.0. Bozemam, MT: Bridger Systems, Inc., 2001.
  • 39
    Quality Resource Systems. Area resource file, vol. 2003. Available from URL: http://www.arfsys.com/ [accessed 30 Nov 04].
  • 40
    SAS Institute, Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide. Version 6, volumes 1 and 2. Cary: SAS Institute, Inc., 1989.
  • 41
    Stata Corporation. Stata SS, release: 8.0 reference manual. Volume 4. College Station, TX: Stata Press, 2004.
  • 42
    Corbie-Smith G, Viscoli CM, Kernan WN, Brass LM, Sarrel P, Horwitz RI. Influence of race, clinical, and other socio-demographic features on trial participation. J Clin Epidemiol. 2003; 56: 304309.
  • 43
    Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Bachman RZ, et al. Efficacy of tonsillectomy for recurrent throat infection in severely affected children. Results of parallel randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 1984; 310: 674683.
  • 44
    Feit F, Brooks M, Sopko G, Keller N, Rosen A, Krone R. Long-term clinical outcome in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation Registry. Circulation. 2000; 101: 27952802.
  • 45
    Robinson D, Woerner M, Pollack S, Lerner G. Subject selection biases in clinical trials: data from a multicenter schizophrenia treatment study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994; 16: 170176.
  • 46
    Gorkin L, Schron EB, Handshaw K, et al. Clinical trial enrollers vs. nonenrollers: the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Recruitment and Enrollment Assessment in Clinical Trials (REACT) project. Control Clin Trials. 1996; 17: 4659.
  • 47
    Gifford AL, Cunningham WE, Heslin KC, et al. Participation in research and access to experimental treatments by HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 13731382.
  • 48
    Chang BH, Hendricks AM, Slawsky MT, Locastro JS. Patient recruitment to a randomized clinical trial of behavioral therapy for chronic heart failure. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2004; 4: 8.
  • 49
    New Jersey Association of Health Plans. Questions and answers about agreement to provide health insurance converage for cancer clinical trials by the New Jersey working group to improve cancer clinical trials. Available from URL: http://www.state.nj.us/health/ccr/resourcebook/rb99k.htm 2004 [accessed 30 Nov 04].
  • 50
    Fleming R. Barriers to clinical trials. Part I: reimbursement problems. Cancer. 1994; 74: 26622665.
  • 51
    Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Medicare coverage: clinical trials. Available from URL: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/coverage/8d2.as [accessed 30 Nov 2004].
  • 52
    National Cancer Institute. Cancer trial barriers falling for people over 65. Available from: http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/developments/barriers-falling010. National Cancer Institute and the National Institute on Aging, 2004 [accessed 30 Nov 2004].
  • 53
    National Institutes of Health. NIH funds eight new grants focused on aging and cancer. Available from: http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/pressreleases/aginggrants [accessed 30 Nov 2004].
  • 54
    Simon MS, Du W, Flaherty L, et al. Factors associated with breast cancer clinical trials participation and enrollment at a large academic medical center. J Clin Oncol. 2004; 22: 20462052.