1097-0142/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=a7299bc18f075294c232ade468773cd0672bd470 "Cancer")
Fax: (011) 39 06 3051194
1097-0142/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=ca681f5719430b26e1bc15e9ea4c9fc0a7110104)
1097-0142/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=8142566facf7e76aef9be6c51162a2e920b3b9f9)
Original Article
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Pilot phase IIA study for evaluation of the efficacy of folic acid in the treatment of laryngeal leucoplakia
Article first published online: 12 JUN 2006
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22003
Copyright © 2006 American Cancer Society
Additional Information
How to Cite
Almadori, G., Bussu, F., Navarra, P., Galli, J., Paludetti, G., Giardina, B. and Maurizi, M. (2006), Pilot phase IIA study for evaluation of the efficacy of folic acid in the treatment of laryngeal leucoplakia. Cancer, 107: 328–336. doi: 10.1002/cncr.22003
Publication History
- Issue published online: 5 JUL 2006
- Article first published online: 12 JUN 2006
- Manuscript Accepted: 17 MAR 2006
- Manuscript Revised: 23 FEB 2006
- Manuscript Received: 21 NOV 2005
REFERENCES
- 1, , , et al. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005; 55: 10–30.Direct Link:
- 2, . Treatment of cancer of the head and neck. CA Cancer J Clin. 1995; 45: 352–368.Direct Link:
- 3, , , . Head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med. 1993; 328: 184–194.
- 4, , , . Second primary tumors in laryngeal cancer: results of long-term follow-up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1998; 42: 557–562.
- 5, , , et al. Second malignancies in patients who have head and neck cancer: incidence, effect on survival and implications based on the RTOG experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1989; 17: 449–456.
- 6, , , et al. Dietary factors in oral and pharyngeal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988; 80: 1237–1243.
- 7, , , et al. Evidence for a causal association between human papillomavirus and a subset of head and neck cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000; 92: 709–720.
- 8, , , et al. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction. Eur J Cancer. 1996; 32A: 783–788.
- 9, , . Role of areca nut in betel quid-associated chemical carcinogenesis: current awareness and future perspectives. Oral Oncol. 2001; 37: 477–492.
- 10, , , , . Marijuana smoking as a possible cause of tongue carcinoma in young patients. J Laryngol Otol. 1990; 104: 896–899.
- 11, , , et al. Marijuana use and increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999; 8: 1071–1078.
- 12, , , et al. The role of acid and alkaline reflux in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2002; 112: 1861–1865.Direct Link:
- 13, , , et al. Characterization of laryngopharyngeal reflux in patients with premalignant or early carcinomas of the larynx. Cancer. 2003; 97: 1010–1014.Direct Link:
- 14, , , et al. Genetic progression model for head and neck cancer: implications for field cancerization. Cancer Res. 1996; 56: 2488–2492.
- 15, , , et al. Overexpression of p53 in tumor-distant epithelia of head and neck cancer patients is associated with an increased incidence of second primary carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2001; 7: 290–296.
- 16, , , , . Immunohistochemical staining for markers of future neoplastic progression in the larynx. Cancer Res. 1996; 56: 2199–2205.
- 17. Molecular epidemiology of the human glutathione S-transferase genotypes GSTM1 and GSTT1 in cancer susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997; 6: 733–743.
- 18, . Metabolizing enzyme genotype and risk for upper aerodigestive tract cancer. Oral Oncol. 2000; 36: 421–431.
- 19, , , , . Tobacco carcinogen-detoxifying enzyme UGT1A7 and its association with orolaryngeal cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001; 93: 1411–1418.
- 20
- 21, . Folate and carcinogenesis: an integrated scheme. J Nutr. 2000; 130: 129–132.
- 22, , , et al. Diet and alcohol consumption and lung cancer risk in the New York State Cohort (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1997; 8: 828–840.
- 23, , , et al. Improvement in bronchial squamous metaplasia in smokers treated with folate and vitamin B12. Report of a preliminary randomized, double-blind intervention trial. JAMA. 1988; 259: 1525–1530.
- 24, , , . Chemoprevention effects on bronchial squamous metaplasia by folate and vitamin B12 in heavy smokers. Chest. 1994; 106: 496–499.
- 25, , , et al. A case-control study of diet and cancer of the pancreas. Am J Epidemiol. 1991; 134: 167–179.
- 26, , , et al. Plasma folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and risk of breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003; 95: 373–380.
- 27, , , et al. Interventional study of high dose folic acid in gastric carcinogenesis in beagles. Gut. 2002; 50: 61–64.
- 28. Cervical cells in megaloblastic anaemia of the puerperium. Lancet. 1962; 1: 1277–1279.
- 29, , , et al. A case-control study of serum folate levels and invasive cervical cancer. Cancer Res. 1991; 51: 4785–4789.
- 30, , , , . Case-control study of plasma folate, homocysteine, vitamin B(12), and cysteine as markers of cervical dysplasia. Cancer. 2003; 89: 376–382.Direct Link:
- 31, , , . Dietary micronutrients and cervical dysplasia in southwestern American Indian women. Nutr Cancer. 1992; 17: 179–185.
- 32, , , et al. Nutrients in diet and plasma and risk of in situ cervical cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988; 80: 580–585.
- 33, , , et al. Intake of selected micronutrients and risk of colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer. 1997; 73: 525–530.Direct Link:
- 34, , , et al. Alcohol, low-methionine—low-folate diets, and risk of colon cancer in men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87: 265–273.
- 35, , , et al. Serum folate, homocysteine and colorectal cancer risk in women: a nested case-control study. Br J Cancer. 1999; 79: 1917–1922.
- 36, , , et al. Folate deficiency enhances the development of colonic neoplasia in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 5002–5006.
- 37, , , et al. Dietary folate protects against the development of macroscopic colonic neoplasia in a dose responsive manner in rats. Gut. 1996; 39: 732–740.
- 38, . Chemoprevention of colon cancer by calcium, vitamin D and folate: molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003; 3: 601–614.
- 39, . Cytosine methylation and human cancer. Curr Opin Oncol. 2000; 12: 68–73.
- 40, , , et al. Gene promoter hypermethylation in tumors and serum of head and neck cancer patients. Cancer Res. 2000; 60: 892–895.
- 41. DNA damage from micronutrient deficiencies is likely to be a major cause of cancer. Mutat Res. 2001; 475: 7–20.
- 42. Biomarkers of genetic damage for cancer epidemiology. Toxicology. 2002; 181–182: 411–416.
- 43, , , et al. Uracil misincorporation, DNA strand breaks, and gene amplification are associated with tumorigenic cell transformation in folate deficient/repleted Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cancer Lett. 1999; 146: 35–44.
- 44, , , , , . Apoptosis and proliferation under conditions of deoxynucleotide pool imbalance in liver of folate/methyl deficient rats. Carcinogenesis. 1997; 18: 287–293.
- 45, . DNA instability (strand breakage, uracil misincorporation, and defective repair) is increased by folic acid depletion in human lymphocytes in vitro. FASEB J. 1998; 12: 1491–1497.
- 46, . Bone marrow cells from vitamin B12- and folate-deficient patients misincorporate uracil into DNA. Blood. 1994; 83: 1656–1661.
- 47, . Folate deficiency increases genetic damage caused by alkylating agents and gamma-irradiation in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cancer Res. 1993; 53: 5401–5408.
- 48, , , , . Vegetable consumption and lung cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in Hawaii. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989; 81: 1158–1164.
- 49. New epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995; 87: 1345–1347.
- 50, , , et al. Serum folate and homocysteine levels in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2002; 94: 1006–1011.Direct Link:
- 51, , , et al. Serum levels of folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and in laryngeal leukoplakia. Cancer. 2005; 103: 284–292.Direct Link:
- 52. Recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) for genomic stability. Mutat Res. 2001; 480–481: 51–54.
- 53. Approaches to prevention of epithelial cancer during the preneoplastic period. Cancer Res. 1976; 36: 2699–2702.
- 54, , , et al. Effects of moderate alcohol consumption on platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis, and blood lipids. Metabolism. 1987; 36: 538–543.
- 55
- 56, , . Laryngeal dysplasia. A clinicopathologic study. Cancer. 1995; 75: 457–463.Direct Link:
- 57, , , . The transformation of laryngeal keratosis into invasive carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol. 1989; 10: 42–54.
- 58, , , , . Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. JAMA. 1993; 270: 2693–2698.
- 59, , , et al. Delayed regional metastases, distant metastases, and second primary malignancies in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and hypopharynx. Laryngoscope. 2001; 111: 1079–1087.Direct Link:
- 60, , , et al. The impact of smoking status, disease stage, and index tumor site on second primary tumor incidence and tumor recurrence in the head and neck retinoid chemoprevention trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2001; 10: 823–829.
- 61, , , et al. Radiotherapy for patients with early-stage glottic carcinoma: univariate and multivariate analyses in a group of consecutive, unselected patients. Cancer. 2003; 98: 765–772.Direct Link:
- 62, , , et al. Multistep laryngeal carcinogenesis helps our understanding of the field cancerisation phenomenon: a review. Eur J Cancer. 2004; 40: 2383–2388.
- 63, , , , . A genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications. Cancer Res. 2003; 63: 1727–1730.
- 64, , . Laryngeal dysplasia: epidemiology and treatment outcome. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1995; 104: 596–602.
- 65, , , . Voice and treatment outcome from phonosurgical management of early glottic cancer. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2002; 190: 3–20.
- 66, , , et al. Biochemoprevention for dysplastic lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1999; 125: 1083–1089.
- 67, , , et al. Randomized trial of fenretinide (4-HPR) to prevent recurrences, new localizations and carcinomas in patients operated on for oral leukoplakia: long-term results. Int J Cancer. 2005; 115: 625–629.Direct Link:
- 68, , , , . EUROSCAN, a randomized trial of vitamin A and N-acetylcysteine in patients with head and neck cancer or lung cancer. For the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck and Lung Cancer Cooperative Groups. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000; 92: 977–986.
- 69, , , , . Genomic DNA methylation decreases in response to moderate folate depletion in elderly women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72: 998–1003.