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Examining the association between socioeconomic status and potential human papillomavirus-associated cancers†‡§

  1. Vicki B. Benard PhD1,¶,*,
  2. Christopher J. Johnson MPH2,
  3. Trevor D. Thompson BS1,
  4. Katherine B. Roland MPH1,
  5. Sue Min Lai PhD, MS, MBA3,
  6. Vilma Cokkinides PhD4,
  7. Florence Tangka PhD1,
  8. Nikki A. Hawkins PhD1,
  9. Herschel Lawson MD1,
  10. Hannah K. Weir PhD1

Article first published online: 3 NOV 2008

DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23742

Issue

Cancer

Cancer

Supplement: Assessing the Burden of HPV-Associated Cancers in the United States

Volume 113, Issue Supplement 10, pages 2910–2918, 15 November 2008

Additional Information

How to Cite

Benard, V. B., Johnson, C. J., Thompson, T. D., Roland, K. B., Lai, S. M., Cokkinides, V., Tangka, F., Hawkins, N. A., Lawson, H. and Weir, H. K. (2008), Examining the association between socioeconomic status and potential human papillomavirus-associated cancers. Cancer, 113: 2910–2918. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23742

Author Information

  1. 1

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia

  2. 2

    Cancer Data Registry of Idaho, Boise, Idaho

  3. 3

    Kansas Cancer Registry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas

  4. 4

    Department of Epidemiology and Research Surveillance, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia

  1. Fax: (770) 488-4639.

*Epidemiology and Applied Research Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Mailstop K-55, NCCDPHP, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341

  1. †

    The opinions or views expressed in this supplement are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or recommendations of the journal editors, the American Cancer Society, Wiley-Blackwell, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  2. ‡

    The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  3. §

    This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

  4. Fax: (770) 488-4639.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 3 NOV 2008
  2. Article first published online: 3 NOV 2008
  3. Manuscript Revised: 30 MAY 2008
  4. Manuscript Accepted: 30 MAY 2008
  5. Manuscript Received: 14 APR 2008

Funded by

  • Cooperative Agreement. Grant Number: U50 DP424071-04
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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Keywords:

  • human papillomavirus (HPV);
  • socioeconomic status (SES);
  • cervical cancer;
  • vaginal cancer;
  • vulvar cancer;
  • penile cancer;
  • anal cancer;
  • oropharyngeal cancer;
  • cancer registry

Abstract

BACKGROUND.

This study examined the association between county-level measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and the incidence rate of human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated cancers, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers.

METHODS.

The authors collected data from cancer registries for site-specific invasive cancer diagnoses between 1998 and 2003, inclusive, among adults aged >20 years at the time of diagnosis. County-level variables that included education, income, and poverty status were used as factors for socioeconomic status. Measures of rural-urban status, the percentage of the population that currently smoked, and the percentage of women who reported having ever had a Papanicolaou (Pap) test were also studied.

RESULTS.

Lower education and higher poverty were found to be associated with increased penile, cervical, and vaginal invasive cancer incidence rates. Higher education was associated with increased incidence of vulvar cancer, male and female anal cancer, and male and female oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Race was an independent predictor of the development of these potentially HPV-associated cancers.

CONCLUSIONS.

These findings illustrate the association between SES variables and the development of HPV-associated cancers. The findings also highlight the importance of considering SES factors when developing policies to increase access to medical care and reduce cancer disparities in the United States. Cancer 2008;113(10 suppl):2910–8. Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society.

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