Fax: (504) 568-5800.
Supplement
Descriptive epidemiology of vaginal cancer incidence and survival by race, ethnicity, and age in the United States†‡
Article first published online: 3 NOV 2008
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23757
Published 2008 by the American Cancer Society
Issue
1097-0142/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=a7299bc18f075294c232ade468773cd0672bd470)
Cancer
Supplement: Assessing the Burden of HPV-Associated Cancers in the United States
Volume 113, Issue Supplement 10, pages 2873–2882, 15 November 2008
Additional Information
How to Cite
Wu, X., Matanoski, G., Chen, V. W., Saraiya, M., Coughlin, S. S., King, J. B. and Tao, X.-G. (2008), Descriptive epidemiology of vaginal cancer incidence and survival by race, ethnicity, and age in the United States. Cancer, 113: 2873–2882. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23757
- †
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
- ‡
This is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 3 NOV 2008
- Article first published online: 3 NOV 2008
- Manuscript Accepted: 15 MAY 2008
- Manuscript Received: 14 APR 2008
Funded by
- Cooperative Agreement. Grant Number: U50 DP424071-04
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
REFERENCES
- 1,,, et al. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin. 2005; 55: 10–30.Direct Link:
- 2,,,,,. Primary carcinoma of the vagina: factors influencing the age at diagnosis. The Radiumhemmet series 1956-96. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2004; 14: 491–501.Direct Link:
- 3,,, et al. Human papillomavirus 16 and 18 L1 serology compared across anogenital cancer sites. Cancer Res. 2001; 61: 1934–1940.
- 4,,, et al. A population-based study of squamous cell vaginal cancer: HPV and cofactors. Gynecol Oncol. 2002; 84: 263–270.
- 5,. Relationship between human papillomavirus infection and tumours of anogenital sites other than the cervix. In: MunozN,BoschFX,ShahKV,MeheusA, eds. The Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer (IARC Scientific Publication No. 119). Lyon, France: IARC; 1992: 223–241.
- 6,,, et al. Case-control study of in situ and invasive carcinoma of the vagina. Gynecol Oncol. 1990; 38: 49–54.
- 7,,. Diethylstilbestrol and clear cell vaginal carcinoma. Reappraisal of the epidemiologic evidence. Am J Med. 1986; 81: 855–863.
- 8. Epidemiology of anogenital warts and cancer. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 1996; 23: 597–623.
- 9. Vaginal cancer: the role of infectious and environmental factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 165(4 pt 2): 1255–1262.
- 10,,, et al. The distribution of low and high-risk HPV types in vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN and VaIN). Am J Surg Pathol. 2006; 30: 1513–1518.
- 11,,,,. Effect of human papillomavirus vaccines on vulvar, vaginal, and anal intraepithelial lesions and vulvar cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 108: 1361–1368.
- 12,. The burden of HPV-related cancers. Vaccine. 2006; 24( suppl 3): S11–S25.
- 13,,, et al. A population-based study of vaginal human papillomavirus infection in hysterectomized women. J Infect Dis. 2004; 190: 458–467.
- 14,,, et al. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2007; 370: 890–907.
- 15,,, et al. Clinical features and risk of recurrence among patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol. 2001; 83: 363–369.
- 16,,, et al. Natural history of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Cancer. 1991; 68: 195–197.Direct Link:
- 17,,, et al. Upper vaginectomy for the treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 193: 577–580; discussion 580–581.
- 18,,, et al. Risks for incident human papillomavirus infection and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion development in young females. JAMA. 2001; 285: 2995–3002.
- 19, , , et al. Efficacy of a quadrivalent prophylactic human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like-particle vaccine against high-grade vulval and vaginal lesions: a combined analysis of three randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2007; 369: 1693–1702.
- 20,,, et al. Using population-based cancer registry data to assess the burden of human papillomavirus-associated cancers in the United States: overview of methods. Cancer. 2008; 113( 10 suppl): 2841–2854.Direct Link:
- 21,,, et al. Cancer incidence in Montana: rates for American Indians exceed those for whites. Am J Prev Med. 2006; 30: 493–497.
- 22YoungJJ,RoffersS,RiesL,FritzA,HurlbutA, eds. SEER Summary Staging Manual—2000: Codes and Coding Instructions. National Cancer Institute. NIH Publication No. 01-4969, Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute; 2001.
- 23Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Extent of Disease: Code and Coding Instructions. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 1977.
- 24,,,,. Site-specific comparison of summary stage 1977 and summary stage 2000 coding. Available at: http//www.naaccr.org/index.asp?Col_SectionKey=11&Col_ContentID=397. Accessed on July 23, 2008.
- 25,,,,,. Efficient interval estimation for age-adjusted cancer rates. Stat Methods Med Res. 2006; 15: 547–569.
- 26,,,,,.Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Vol VIII. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2002.
- 27,,,,,. SEER Program Self-Instructional Manual for Cancer Registrars. Book 7: Statistics and Epidemiology for Cancer Registrars. National Cancer Institute. NIH Publication No.94-3766. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health; 1994.
- 28. Population Projections of the United States by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2050, US Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, P25-1130. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office; 1996.
- 29,. Prevalence and incidence of human papillomavirus infection in women in the USA: a systematic review. Int J STD AIDS. 2005; 16: 528–537.
- 30,,. Sociodemographic factors associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 110: 87–95.
- 31,,. Genetic link to cervical tumours. Nature. 1999; 400: 29–30.
- 32,,. Descriptive epidemiology of vulvar and vaginal cancers in Vaud, Switzerland, 1974-1994. Ann Oncol. 1998; 9: 1229–1232.
- 33,,,. Signalling pathways involved in nicotine regulation of apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 1998; 19: 551–556.
- 34,,, et al. Nicotine inhibition of apoptosis suggests a role in tumor promotion. FASEB J. 1993; 7: 1045–1051.
- 35,,, et al. Tobacco smoking and the uterine cervix: cotinine in blood, urine and cervical fluid. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1995; 39: 110–114.
- 36,,, et al. Synergy between cigarette smoking and human papillomavirus type 16 in cervical cancer in situ development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006; 15: 2141–2147.
- 37,,, et al. Sexually transmitted agents and risk of carcinoma of the vagina. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 1997; 7: 251–255.Direct Link:
- 38,,. Chapter 8: new malignancies following cancer of the cervix uteri, vagina, and vulva. In: CurtisRE,FreedmanDM,RonE, et al, eds. New Malignancies Among Cancer Survivors: SEER Cancer Registries, 1973-2000. National Cancer Institute. NIH Publication No. 05-5302. Bethesda, Md: National Cancer Institute; 2006.
- 39,. Carcinoma of vagina 10 or more years following pelvic irradiation therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977; 127: 513–517.
- 40,,,. Malignant disease after radiation treatment of benign gynaecological disorders. A study of a cohort of metropathia patients. Acta Oncol. 1990; 29: 563–567.
- 41,,,,. Definitive radiotherapy for carcinoma of the vagina: outcome and prognostic factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996; 35: 891–905.
- 42
- 43,,, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2003, featuring cancer among US Hispanic/Latino populations. Cancer. 2006; 107: 1711–1742.Direct Link:
- 44,. Asian American and Pacific Islander breast and cervical carcinoma screening rates and Healthy People 2000 objectives. Cancer. 2000; 89: 696–705.Direct Link:
- 45. Cancer health disparities among Asian Americans: what we do and what we need to do. Cancer. 2005; 104( 12 suppl): 2895–2902.Direct Link:
- 46U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2004 National Healthcare Disparities Report. Rockville, Md: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2004.
- 47,,,. Progress in cancer screening practices in the United States: results from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Cancer. 2003; 97: 1528–1540.Direct Link:
- 48,,. Cervical cancer screening among US women: analyses of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Prev Med. 2004; 39: 270–278.
- 49,,, et al; American Cancer Society. American Cancer Society guideline for the early detection of cervical neoplasia and cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002; 52: 342–362.Direct Link:
- 50US Preventive Services Task Force. Cervical Cancer—Screening. Release date, January 2003. Available at: http//www.ahrq.gov/clinic/uspstf/uspscerv.htm. Accessed July 30, 2007.
- 51,,,. Disparities in cancer care among racial and ethnic minorities. Oncology (Williston Park). 2006; 20: 1256–1261; discussion 1261, 1265, 1268–1270.
- 52,,, et al. Patient age and decisions to withhold life-sustaining treatments from seriously ill, hospitalized adults. SUPPORT Investigators. Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130: 116–125.
- 53SEER. The SEER Program Code Manual, 3rd ed, revision 1 (updated January 2003). NIH Publication No. 98-1999. Bethesda, Md: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; 1998.
- 54HavenerL,HultstromD, eds.Standard for Cancer Registries Volume II: Data Standard and Data Dictionary, 11th ed, version 11.1. Springfield, Ill: North American Association of Central Cancer Registries; 2006.

1097-0142/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=ca681f5719430b26e1bc15e9ea4c9fc0a7110104)
1097-0142/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=8142566facf7e76aef9be6c51162a2e920b3b9f9)