Original Article

Diabetes and risk of bladder cancer

Evidence from a case-control study in New England

  1. Todd MacKenzie PhD1,2,†,*,
  2. Michael S. Zens PhD2,
  3. Assiamira Ferrara MD, PhD3,
  4. Alan Schned MD4,
  5. Margaret R. Karagas PhD2

Article first published online: 8 NOV 2010

DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25641

Issue

Cancer

Cancer

Volume 117, Issue 7, pages 1552–1556, 1 April 2011

Additional Information

How to Cite

MacKenzie, T., Zens, M. S., Ferrara, A., Schned, A. and Karagas, M. R. (2011), Diabetes and risk of bladder cancer. Cancer, 117: 1552–1556. doi: 10.1002/cncr.25641

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire

  2. 2

    Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire

  3. 3

    Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California

  4. 4

    Department of Pathology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire

  1. †

    Fax: (603) 653-3542

*Section of Clinical Research, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 18 MAR 2011
  2. Article first published online: 8 NOV 2010
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 22 JUN 2010
  4. Manuscript Revised: 10 JUN 2010
  5. Manuscript Received: 22 MAR 2010

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Keywords:

  • bladder cancer;
  • diabetes;
  • case-control;
  • oral hypoglycemics;
  • insulin

In this population-based case-control study, risk of bladder cancer was elevated among those patients with a history of diabetes, in particular those taking oral hypoglycemics or insulin.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes is an emerging public health issue in the US, affecting 11% of Americans over the age of 20, with long-term complications that include cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. A recent meta-analysis found that bladder cancer incidence was approximately 40% higher in individuals with diabetes; however, few studies considered duration or type of therapy and had limited adjustment for potentially confounding factors.

METHODS:

To further investigate the potential role of diabetes in risk of bladder cancer, the authors analyzed data from a case-control study conducted in New Hampshire in which patients with bladder cancer, and controls sampled from the population, completed an interview regarding history of diabetes, cigarette smoking history, height, weight, and history of urinary tract infections.

RESULTS:

The study consisted of 331 cases and 263 controls on whom information regarding diabetes was ascertained. History of diabetes was related to an increased bladder cancer risk (adjusted odds ratio = 2.2, 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.8). The association was strongest in those who had diabetes for the longest duration (OR for 16 or more years = 3.6, 1.1 to 11.2) and in those taking oral hypoglycemic medications (OR = 3.3, 1.5 to 7.1).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings support an association between bladder cancer incidence and diabetes, and further suggest that the risk may be greater among patients taking oral hypoglycemics and those with diabetes of longer duration. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.

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