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Nicotine dependence phenotype and lung cancer risk†

  1. Joshua E. Muscat PhD1,‡,*,
  2. Kwangmi Ahn PhD2,
  3. John P. Richie Jr PhD1,
  4. Steven D. Stellman PhD3

Article first published online: 8 AUG 2011

DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26236

Issue

Cancer

Cancer

Volume 117, Issue 23, pages 5370–5376, 1 December 2011

Additional Information

How to Cite

Muscat, J. E., Ahn, K., Richie, J. P. and Stellman, S. D. (2011), Nicotine dependence phenotype and lung cancer risk. Cancer, 117: 5370–5376. doi: 10.1002/cncr.26236

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania

  2. 2

    Department of Biostatistics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania

  3. 3

    Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York

  1. ‡

    Fax: (717) 531-0480

*Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Blvd, Hershey, PA 17033

  1. †

    See companion article on pages 5377-82, this issue.

  2. ‡

    Fax: (717) 531-0480

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 18 NOV 2011
  2. Article first published online: 8 AUG 2011
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 29 MAR 2011
  4. Manuscript Revised: 18 FEB 2011
  5. Manuscript Received: 14 DEC 2010

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Keywords:

  • nicotine;
  • addiction;
  • dependence;
  • lung cancer;
  • smoking;
  • cotinine;
  • case-control

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

A behavioral phenotype that characterizes nicotine dependence, the time to first cigarette after waking, is hypothesized to increase the risk of lung cancer.

METHODS:

A case-control study of histologically confirmed lung cancer was conducted. The current analysis included 4775 lung cancer cases and 2835 controls who were regular cigarette smokers.

RESULTS:

Compared with subjects who smoked their first cigarette > 60 minutes after waking, the pack-years–adjusted odds ratio was 1.31 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.11-1.54) for subjects who smoked 31 minutes to 60 minutes after waking and 1.79 (95% CI, 1.56-2.07) for subjects who smoked within 30 minutes of waking. The risk estimates were similar when smoking was modeled as total years, smoking status (current vs former), number of cigarettes smoked per day, years since quitting, and excess odds ratio. The findings were consistent for all histologic types of lung cancer.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings of the current study indicate that a specific nicotine dependence phenotype that is associated with the amount of smoke uptake per cigarette is independently associated with lung cancer risk. These findings may help to identify high-risk individuals who would benefit from targeted interventions. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.

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