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Keywords:

  • aquatic plants;
  • environmental chemistry;
  • fuel cells;
  • sediment;
  • sustainable chemistry

Abstract

Plant–microbial fuel cells (PMFCs) are newly emerging devices, in which electricity can be generated by microorganisms that use root exudates as fuel. This review presents the development of PMFCs, with a summary of their power generation, configurations, plant types, anode and cathode materials, biofilm communities, potential applications, and future directions.