SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

REFERENCES

  • Baker SJ, DeMaeyer EM. 1979. Nutritional anemia: its understanding and control with special reference to the work of the World Health Organization. Am J Clin Nutr 32:368417.
  • Basun H, Fratiglioni L, Winblad B. 1994. Cobalamin levels are not reduced in Alzheimer's disease: results from a population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc 42:132136.
  • Bell IR, Edman JS, Marby DW, Satlinm A, Dreierm T, Liptzin B, Cole JO. 1990. Vitamin B12 and folate status in acute geropsychiatric in patients: affective and cognitive characteristics of a vitamin nondeficient population. Biol Psychiatry 27:125137.
  • Bernard MA, Nakonezny PA, Kashner TM. 1998. The effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on older veterans and its relationship to health. J Am Geriatr Soc 46:11991206.
  • Bots ML, Launer LJ, Lindemans J, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. 1997. Homocysteine, atherosclerosis and prevalent cardiovascular disease in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. J Intern Med 242:339347.
    Direct Link:
  • Bottiglieri T. 1996. Folate, vitamin B12, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nutr Rev 54:382390.
  • Boushey CJ, Beresford SA, Omenn GS, Motulsky AG. 1995. A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes. JAMA 274:10491057.
  • Burns A, Marsh A, Bender DA. 1989. Dietary intake and clinical, anthropometric and biochemical indices of malnutrition in elderly demented patients and non-demented subjects. Psychol Med 19:383391.
  • Carmel R, Gott PS, Waters CH, Cairo K, Green R, Bondareff W, DeGiorgio CM, Cummings JL, Jacobsen DW, Buckwalter G. 1995. The frequently low cobalamin levels in dementia usually signify treatable metabolic, neurologic and electrophysiologic abnormalities. Eur J Haematol 1995; 54:245253.
  • Clarke R. 2001. Prevention of vitamin B12 deficiency in old age. Am J Clin Nutr 73:151152.
  • Clarke R, Smith AD, Jobst KA, Refsum H, Sutton L, Ueland PM. 1998. Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 55:14491455.
  • Cole MG, Prchal JF. 1984. Low serum vitamin B12 in Alzheimer-type dementia. Age Ageing 13:101105.
  • Cooper BA, Whitehead VM. 1978. Evidence that some patients with pernicious anemia are not recognized by rediadilution assay for cobalamin in serum. N Engl J Med 299:816818.
  • Crystal HA, Ortof E, Frishman WH, Gruber A, Hershman D, Aronson M. 1994. Serum vitamin levels and incidence of dementia in a healthy elderly population: a report from the Bronx Longitudinal Aging Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 42:933936.
  • Cunha UG, Rocha FL, Peixoto JM, Motta MF, Barbosa MT. 1995. Vitamin B12 deficiency and dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 7:8588.
  • Dawson AA, Donald D. 1966. The serum vitamin B-12 in the elderly. Gerontol Clin (Basel) 8:220225.
  • Diaz-Arrastia R. 2000. Homocysteine and neurological disease. Arch Neurol 57:14221427.
  • Droller H, Dossett J. 1959. Vitamin B12 levels in senile dementia and confusional states. Geriatrics 14:367373.
  • Eastley R, Wilcock GK, Bucks RS. 2000. Vitamin B12 deficiency in dementia and cognitive impairment: the effects of treatment on neuropsychological function. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 15:226233.
  • Ebly EM, Schaefer JP, Campbell NRC, Hogan DB. 1998. Folate status, vascular disease and cognition in elderly Canadians. Age Ageing 27:485491.
  • Fioravanti M, Ferrario E, Massaia M, Cappa G, Rivolta G, Grossi E, Buckley AE. 1997. Low folate levels in the cognitive decline of elderly patients and the efficacy of folate as a treatment for improving memory deficits. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 26:113.
  • Fratiglioni L, Rocca W. 2002. Epidemiology of dementia. In: Oxford Elsevier Science, Ltd. BollerF, GrafmanJ, editors. Handbook of Neuropsychology. Oxford: Elsevier Science, Ltd.
  • Goodwin JS, Goodwin JM, Garry PJ. 1983. Association between nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a healthy elderly population. JAMA 249:29172921.
  • Hassing L, Wahlin Å, Winblad B, Bäckman L. 1999. Further evidence for the effects of vitamin B12 and folate status on episodic memory functioning: a population-based study of very old adults. Biol Psychiatry 45:14721480.
  • Hofman A, Ott A, Breteler MM, Bots ML, Slooter AJ, van Harskamp F, van Duijn Cn, Van Broeckhoven c, Grobbee DE. 1997. Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 345:151154.
  • Hutto BR. 1997. Folate and cobalamin in psychiatric illness. Compr Psychiat 6:305314.
  • Ikeda T, Furukawa Y, Mashimoto S, Takahashi K, Yamada M. 1990. Vitamin B12 levels in serum andd cerebrospinal fluid of people with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand 82:327329.
  • Joosten E, Lesaffre E, Riezler R, Ghekiere V, Dereymaeker L, Pelemans W, Dejaeger E. 1997. Is metabolic evidence for vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency more frequent in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 52:M7679.
  • Joyal CC, Lalonde R, Vikis-Freisbergs V, Botes MI. 1993. Prevalence of folate deficiency. Are age-related behavioral disorders improved by folate administration? Exp Aging Res 19:367376.
  • Kalmijn S, Launer LJ, Lindemans J, Bots ML, Hofman A, Breteler MM. 1999. Total homocysteine and cognitive decline in a community-based sample of elderly subjects. Am J Epidemiol 150:283289.
  • Karnaze DS, Carmel R. 1987. Low serum cobalamin levels in primary degenerative dementia. Do some patients harbor atypical cobalamin deficiency states?. Arch Intern Med 147:429431.
  • Kwok T, Tang C, Woo J, Lai WK, Law LK, Pang CP. 1998. Randomized trial of the effect of supplementation on the cognitive function of older people with subnormal cobalamin levels. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 13:611616.
  • La Rue A, Koehler KM, Wayne SJ, Chiulli SJ, Haaland KY, Garry PJ. 1997. Nutritional status and cognitive functioning in a normally aging sample: a 6-y reassessment. Am J Clin Nutr 65:2029.
  • Levitt AJ, Karlinsky H. 1992. Folate, vitamin B12 and cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand 86:301305.
  • Malinow MR, Nieto FJ, Szklo M, Chambless LE, Bond G. 1993. Carotid artery intimal-medial wall thickening and plasma homocysteine in asymptomatic adults. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation 87:11071113.
  • Martin DC, Francis J, Protetch J, Huff J. 1992. Time dependency of cognitive recovery with cobalamin replacement: report of a pilot study. J Am Geriatr Soc 40:168172.
  • McCaddon A, Kelly CL. 1994. Familial Alzheimer's disease and vitamin B12 deficiency. Age Ageing 23:334337.
  • McCaddon A, Davies G, Hudson P, Tandy S, Cattell H. 1998. Total serum homocysteine in senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 13:235239.
  • Meins W, Muller-Thomsen T, Meier-Baumgartner HP. 2000. Subnormal serum vitamin B12 and behavioural and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 15:415418.
  • Nijst TQ, Wevers RA, Schoonderwaldt HC, Hommes OR, de Haan AF. 1990. Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients with special reference to multiple sclerosis and dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53:951954.
  • Nilsson K, Warkentin S, Hultberg B, Faldt R, Gustafson L. 2000. Treatment of cobalamin deficiency in dementia, evaluated clinically and with cerebral blood flow measurements. Aging 12:199207.
  • Nilsson K, Gustafson L, Hultberg B. 2001. Improvement of cognitive function after cobalamin/folate supplementation in elderly patients with dementia and elevated plasma homocysteine. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 16:609614.
  • Perry IJ, Refsum H, Morris RW, Ebrahim SB, Ueland PM, Shaper AG. 1995. Prospective study of serum total homocysteine concentration and risk of stroke in middle-aged British men. Lancet 346:13951398.
  • Pirttila T, Salo J, Laippala P, Frey H. 1993. Effect of advanced brain atrophy and vitamin deficiency on cognitive functions in non-demented subjects. Acta Neurol Scand 87:161166.
  • Rapin JR, LePoncin M, Grebyl J. 1988. Blood folates deficiencies and cognitive functioning in aging. Trends Biomed Gerontol 1:315323.
  • Regland B, Abrahamsson L, Blennow K, Gottfries CG, Wallin A. 1992. Vitamin B12 in CSF: reduced CSF/serum B12 ratio in demented men. Acta Neurol Scand 85:276281.
  • Regland B, Blennow K, Germgard T, Koch-Schmidt AC, Gottfries CG. 1999. The role of the polymorphic genes apolipoprotein E and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase in the development of dementia of the Alzheimer type. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10:245251.
  • Renvall MJ, Spindler AA, Ramsdell JW, Paskvan M. 1989. Nutritional status of free-living Alzheimer's patients. Am J Med Sci 298:2027.
  • Riggs KM, Spiro A 3rd, Tucker K, Rush D. 1996. Relations of vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, folate, and homocysteine to cognitive performance in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Clin Nutr 63:306314.
  • Sandman PO, Adolfsson R, Nygren C, Hallmans G, Winblad B. 1987. Nutritional status and dietary intake in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer's disease and multiinfarct dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 35:3138.
  • Selhub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, Rush D, Rosenberg IH. 1993. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteine in an elderly population. JAMA 270:26932698.
  • Seshadri S, Beiser A, Selhub J, Jacques PF, Rosenberg IH, D'Agostino RB, Wilson PW, Wolf PA. 2002. Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 346:476483.
  • Snowdon DA, Tully CL, Smith CD, Riley KP, Markesbery WR. 2000. Serum folate and the severity of atrophy of the neocortex in Alzheimer disease: findings from the Nun study. Am J Clin Nutr 71:993998.
  • Sommer BR, Wolkowitz OM. 1988. RBC folic acid levels and cognitive performance in elderly patients: a preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 24:352354.
  • Stampfer MJ, Malinow MR, Willett WC, Newcomer LM, Upson B, Ullmann D, Tishler PV, Hennekens CH. 1992. A prospective study of plasma homocysteine and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. JAMA 268:877881.
  • Teunisse S, Bollen AE, van Gool WA, Walstra GJM. 1996. Dementia and subnormal levels of vitamin B12: effects of replacement therapy on dementia. J Neurol 243:522529.
  • Ueland PM, Refsum H, Stabler S, Malinow MR, Andersson A, Allen AH. 1993. Total homocysteine in plasma or serum: methods and clinical applications. Clin Chem 39:1764.
  • Ueland PM, Refsum H, Beresford SAA, Vollset SE. 2000. The controversy over homocysteine and cardiovascular risk. Am J Clin Nutr 72:324332.
  • Wahlin Å, Hill RD, Winblad B, Bäckman L. 1996. Effects of serum vitamin B12 and folate status on episodic memory performance in very old age: a population-based study. Psychol Aging 11:487496.
  • Wang H-X, Wahlin Å, Basun H, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Fratiglioni L. 2001. Low levels of vitamin B12 and folate and Alzheimer's disease incidence. Neurology 56:11881194.
  • Zhu L, Fratiglioni L, Guo Z, Winblad B, Viitanen M. 2000. Incidence of stroke in relation to cognitive function and dementia in the Kungsholmen Project. Neurology 54:21032107.