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Patterns
Three-dimensional morphology of inner ear development in Xenopus laevis
Article first published online: 29 MAY 2003
DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.10316
Copyright © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
1097-0177/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=a30853283ce4b85446696e388141e1b70e2222b2 "Developmental Dynamics")
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How to Cite
Miller Bever, M., Jean, Y. Y. and Fekete, D. M. (2003), Three-dimensional morphology of inner ear development in Xenopus laevis. Dev. Dyn., 227: 422–430. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.10316
Publication History
- Issue published online: 12 JUN 2003
- Article first published online: 29 MAY 2003
- Manuscript Accepted: 20 MAR 2003
- Manuscript Received: 24 JAN 2003
Funded by
- NIH. Grant Number: F32 DC00413
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation. Grant Number: FY00-434
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- frog;
- otic vesicle;
- semicircular canal;
- basilar papilla;
- amphibian papilla;
- saccule;
- utricle;
- lagena
Abstract
The three-dimensional morphology of the membranous labyrinth of Xenopus laevis is presented from embryonic through late tadpole development (stages 28 to 52, inclusive). This was accomplished by paint-filling the endolymphatic spaces of Xenopus ears at a series of stages, beginning with the embryonic otic vesicle and ending with the complex ear of the late tadpole. At stage 52, the inner ear has expanded approximately 23-fold in its anterior/posterior dimension compared with stage 28 and it is a miniature of the adult form. The paint-filling technique illustrates the dramatic changes required to convert a simple ear vesicle into the elaborate form of the adult, including semicircular canal formation and genesis of vestibular and auditory organs, and it can serve as a basis for phenotype identification in experimentally or genetically manipulated ears. Developmental Dynamics 227:422–430, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.