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Brief Communication

Bone marrow genotoxicity of 2,5-dimethylfuran, a green biofuel candidate

  1. Michele Fromowitz1,
  2. Joe Shuga1,
  3. Antonio Yip Wlassowsky1,
  4. Zhiying Ji1,
  5. Matthew North2,
  6. Chris D. Vulpe2,
  7. Martyn T. Smith1,
  8. Luoping Zhang1,*

Article first published online: 25 JUN 2012

DOI: 10.1002/em.21707

Issue

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis

Volume 53, Issue 6, pages 488–491, July 2012

Additional Information

How to Cite

Fromowitz, M., Shuga, J., Wlassowsky, A. Y., Ji, Z., North, M., Vulpe, C. D., Smith, M. T. and Zhang, L. (2012), Bone marrow genotoxicity of 2,5-dimethylfuran, a green biofuel candidate. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 53: 488–491. doi: 10.1002/em.21707

Author Information

  1. 1

    Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California

  2. 2

    Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California

*Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, 237 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 7 JUL 2012
  2. Article first published online: 25 JUN 2012
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 7 MAY 2012
  4. Manuscript Revised: 4 MAY 2012
  5. Manuscript Received: 6 FEB 2012

Funded by

  • National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIH/NIEHS). Grant Numbers: R01ES017452, P42ES004705
  • Northern California Center for Occupational and Environmental Health
  • Council for Education and Research on Toxics (CERT)

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Keywords:

  • green chemistry;
  • in vitro toxicity screens;
  • micronucleus;
  • hematopoiesis;
  • DNA damage

Abstract

2,5-Dimethylfuran (DMF) is being considered as a potential green transportation biofuel, but there is limited information about its toxicity and safety. We examined DMF toxicity in the bone marrow using a murine in vitro erythropoietic micronucleus assay and found that exposure to DMF (0.1 mM, 1 hr) induced an increase in micronuclei frequency compared with controls. These data suggest that DMF may be genotoxic to hematopoietic cells and that more thorough toxicological studies on DMF should be conducted to ensure public and occupational safety before it is considered a viable biofuel and produced in mass quantities. As well as specific data on DMF, our study further validates an in vitro cell culture system that captures the essential features of the in vivo mammalian micronucleus genotoxicity assay, enabling increased throughput and controlled studies on hematopoietic DNA damage response, while reducing animal sacrifice. In vitro assays, such as the in vitro micronucleus assay, will be essential as international chemical policy is increasingly utilizing green chemistry principles that require more toxicological testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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