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Environmental Chemistry
Vapor pressure of three brominated flame retardants determined by using the Knudsen effusion method
Article first published online: 25 JAN 2012
DOI: 10.1002/etc.1736
Copyright © 2011 SETAC
Additional Information
How to Cite
Fu, J. and Suuberg, E. M. (2012), Vapor pressure of three brominated flame retardants determined by using the Knudsen effusion method. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31: 574–578. doi: 10.1002/etc.1736
Publication History
- Issue published online: 24 FEB 2012
- Article first published online: 25 JAN 2012
- Accepted manuscript online: 29 DEC 2011 08:49PM EST
- Manuscript Accepted: 10 NOV 2011
- Manuscript Revised: 12 OCT 2011
- Manuscript Received: 22 AUG 2011
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- Brominated flame retardant;
- Solid vapor pressure;
- Knudsen effusion;
- Enthalpy of sublimation;
- Enthalpy of fusion
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have been used in a variety of consumer products in the past four decades. The vapor pressures for three widely used BFRs, that is, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and octabromodiphenyl ethers (octaBDEs) mixtures, were determined using the Knudsen effusion method and compared with those of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209). The values measured extrapolated to 298.15 K are 8.47 × 10−9, 7.47 × 10−10, and 2.33 × 10−9 Pa, respectively. The enthalpies of sublimation for these BFRs were estimated using the Clausius–Clapeyron equation and are 143.6 ± 0.4, 153.7 ± 3.1, and 150.8 ± 3.2 kJ/mole, respectively. In addition, the enthalpies of fusion and melting temperatures for these BFRs were also measured in the present study. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:574–578. © 2011 SETAC