Paleoecology and geochronology of glacial Lake Hind during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition: A context for Folsom surface finds on the Canadian Prairies

Abstract

Stratigraphic and paleoecologic (palynomorph, macrobotanical) data obtained from a cutbank of the Souris River in southwestern Manitoba establish some fundamental parameters of Folsom land-use in association with a proglacial lake on the Canadian Prairies. By dating the regression of glacial Lake Hind, we observed that recorded Folsom sites are restricted to areas of the Hind basin drained shortly before 10,400 yr B.P. This pattern may therefore record the interception of seasonal resources on recently-drained proglacial lake surfaces. Based on paleovegetation reconstructions, we note that these surfaces were rapidly colonized by emergent and aquatic vegetation following regression, generating a viable resource base for Folsom hunter-gatherers. However, low plant productivity and diversity may have greatly limited the extent to which this locale was exploited, in contrast to nonperiglacial regions on the Plains. We also suggest that wetland plant succession during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition was due, at least locally, to climate-forced fluctuations in groundwater levels. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.