These authors contributed equally to this work.
1527-3350/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=4b2409f9534ed500d3c8da1940a23842e2b9932d)
1527-3350/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=141b9a8485298533c3e2016e937b0404f7d933e1)
Liver Biology/Pathobiology
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
The G-Protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5), negatively regulates hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in mice†‡§
Article first published online: 11 AUG 2011
DOI: 10.1002/hep.24525
Copyright © 2011 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Additional Information
How to Cite
Wang, Y.-D., Chen, W.-D., Yu, D., Forman, B. M. and Huang, W. (2011), The G-Protein-coupled bile acid receptor, Gpbar1 (TGR5), negatively regulates hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in mice. Hepatology, 54: 1421–1432. doi: 10.1002/hep.24525
- †
Potential conflicts of interest: Nothing to report.
- ‡
This work was supported by the City of Hope Gastrointestinal Cancer Program (Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Pilot Fund; to Y.-D.W.) and the National Cancer Institute (1R01CA139158-01A2; to W.H.).
- §
These authors contributed equally to this work.
- ¶
fax: 626-256-8704; and to: Wendong Huang, Ph.D., Department of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010. E-mail: whuang@coh.org; fax: 626-256-8704
Publication History
- Issue published online: 27 SEP 2011
- Article first published online: 11 AUG 2011
- Accepted manuscript online: 6 JUL 2011 12:47PM EST
- Manuscript Accepted: 17 JUN 2011
- Manuscript Received: 7 FEB 2011
Abstract
Gpbar1 (TGR5), a membrane-bound bile acid receptor, is well known for its roles in regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. TGR5 also displays strong attenuation of macrophage reactivity in vitro, but the physiological roles of TGR5 in inflammatory response, and its mechanism, is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TGR5 is a negative modulator of nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation. TGR5 activation suppresses the phosphorylation of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα), the translocation of p65, NF-κB DNA-binding activity, and its transcription activity. Furthermore, TGR5 activation enhances the interaction of IκBα and β-arrestin2. Suppression of NF-κB transcription activity and its target gene expression by TGR5 agonist are specifically abolished by the expression of anti-β-arrestin2 small interfering RNA. These results show that TGR5 suppresses the NF-κB pathway by mediation of the interaction between IκBα and β-arrestin2. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model, TGR5−/− mice show more severe liver necroses and inflammation, compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Activation of TGR5 by its agonist ligand inhibits the expression of inflammatory mediators in response to NF-κB activation induced by LPS in WT, but not TGR5−/−, mouse liver. Conclusion: These findings identify TGR5 as a negative mediator of inflammation that may serve as an attractive therapeutic tool for immune and inflammatory liver diseases. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)