Fax: +61-2-9385 0876
Viral Hepatitis
Hepatitis C virus reinfection and superinfection among treated and untreated participants with recent infection†
Article first published online: 29 FEB 2012
DOI: 10.1002/hep.24754
Copyright © 2012 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Additional Information
How to Cite
Grebely, J., Pham, S. T., Matthews, G. V., Petoumenos, K., Bull, R. A., Yeung, B., Rawlinson, W., Kaldor, J., Lloyd, A., Hellard, M., Dore, G. J., White, P. A. and on behalf of the ATAHC Study Group (2012), Hepatitis C virus reinfection and superinfection among treated and untreated participants with recent infection. Hepatology, 55: 1058–1069. doi: 10.1002/hep.24754
- †
Potential conflict of interest: G.D., G.M., and J.K. have received research support from Roche Pharmaceuticals. G.D. is on the speaker's bureau for Roche Pharmaceuticals. G.D. and G.M. are members of advisory board for Roche Pharmaceuticals. G.D. and B.Y. have received travel grants from Roche Pharmaceuticals. G.D. is a consultant/advisor for Merck, Tibotec, and Abbott. J.G. is a member of an advisory board for Merck. G.M. is a consultant/advisor for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead, Merck, and Roche.
- ‡
Fax: +61-2-9385 0876
- §
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 27 MAR 2012
- Article first published online: 29 FEB 2012
- Accepted manuscript online: 26 OCT 2011 11:11AM EST
- Manuscript Accepted: 3 OCT 2011
- Manuscript Received: 16 JUL 2011
Funded by
- National Institutes of Health. Grant Number: RO1 DA 15999-01
- National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research
- Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales
- Roche Pharmaceuticals
- pegylated IFN-alfa-2a/ribavirin
- National Health and Medical Research Council Practitioner Research Fellowships
- National Health and Medical Research Council Career Development Award
- VicHealth Senior Research Fellowship
- National Health and Medical Research Council Research Fellowships
References
- 1, , . Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 558–567.
- 2, , . Treating viral hepatitis C: efficacy, side effects, and complications. Gut 2006; 55: 1350–1359.
- 3, , , , , , et al. Low uptake of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in a large community-based study of inner city residents. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16: 352–358.
- 4NCHECR. HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis and Sexually Transmissible Infections in Australia. Annual Surveillance Report, 2008. Sydney: National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research; 2008.
- 5, , , , , , et al. Limited uptake of hepatitis C treatment among injection drug users. J Community Health 2008; 33: 126–133.
- 6, , , , . Current approaches to HCV infection in current and former injection drug users. J Addict Dis 2008; 27: 25–35.
- 7, , . Hepatitis C treatment for injection drug users: a review of the available evidence. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 561–573.
- 8, , . Infrequent reinfection after successful treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in injection drug users. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 1540–1543.
- 9. Follow-up studies of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection among injection drug users. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40( Suppl 5): S336–S338.
- 10, , , , , , et al. A prospective study to examine persistent HCV reinfection in injection drug users who have previously cleared the virus. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 93: 148–154.
- 11, , , , , , et al. Reinfection with hepatitis C virus following sustained virological response in injection drug users. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25: 1281–1284.
- 12, , , , . High prevalence of late relapse and reinfection in prisoners treated for chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25: 1276–1280.
- 13, . Hepatitis C virus coinfection and superinfection. J Infect Dis 2007; 195: 519–524.
- 14, , . HIV superinfection. J Infect Dis 2005; 192: 438–444.
- 15, , , , , , et al. Effective treatment of injecting drug users with recently acquired hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 123–135 e121–122.
- 16, , , , , , et al. Frequent multiple hepatitis C virus infections among injection drug users in a prison setting. HEPATOLOGY 2010; 52: 1564–1572.
- 17, , , , . Development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument for assessing outcome of treatment among opiate users: the Opiate Treatment Index. Br J Addict 1992; 87: 733–742.
- 18, , , , , , et al. Previously infected chimpanzees are not consistently protected against reinfection or persistent infection after reexposure to the identical hepatitis C virus strain. J Virol 2008; 82: 8183–8195.
- 19, , , , , . Immunity in chimpanzees chronically infected with hepatitis C virus: role of minor quasispecies in reinfection. J Virol 1998; 72: 1725–1730.
- 20, , , , , , et al. Memory CD8+ T cells are required for protection from persistent hepatitis C virus infection. J Exp Med 2003; 197: 1645–1655.
- 21, , , , , , et al. Previously infected and recovered chimpanzees exhibit rapid responses that control hepatitis C virus replication upon rechallenge. J Virol 2002; 76: 6586–6595.
- 22, , , , , , et al. Protective immune response to hepatitis C virus in chimpanzees rechallenged following clearance of primary infection. HEPATOLOGY 2001; 33: 1479–1487.
- 23, , , , , , et al. Second infection with a different hepatitis C virus genotype in a intravenous drug user during interferon therapy. Gut 2003; 52: 900–902.
- 24, , , , , . Superinfection of chimpanzees carrying hepatitis C virus of genotype II/1b with that of genotype III/2a or I/1a. HEPATOLOGY 1994; 20: 1131–1136.
- 25, , , , , , et al. Superinfection by homotypic virus in hepatitis C virus carriers: studies on patients with post-transfusion hepatitis. J Med Virol 1996; 50: 303–308.
- 26, , , , , . Hepatitis C superinfection in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients transplanted with an HCV-infected kidney. Transplantation 1995; 60: 642–647.
- 27, , , , , , et al. Acute hepatitis C: high rate of both spontaneous and treatment-induced viral clearance. Gastroenterology 2003; 125: 80–88.
- 28, , , , , , et al. Spontaneous control of primary hepatitis C virus infection and immunity against persistent reinfection. Gastroenterology 2010; 138: 315–324.
- 29, , , , , , et al. Protection against persistence of hepatitis C. Lancet 2002; 359: 1478–1483.
- 30, , , , , . Hepatitis C virus reinfection in injection drug users. HEPATOLOGY 2006; 44: 1139–1145.
- 31, , , , , , et al. High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection within a cohort of injecting drug users. J Viral Hepat 2007; 14: 413–418.
- 32, , , , , , et al. High incidence of hepatitis C virus reinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users. HEPATOLOGY 2008; 48: 1746–1752.
- 33, , , , , , et al. Frequent HCV reinfection and superinfection in a cohort of injecting drug users in Amsterdam. J Hepatol 2009; 51: 667–674.
- 34, , , , , , et al. Acute hepatitis C virus infection in young adult drug users: a prospective study of incident infection, resolution and reinfection. J Infect Dis 2009; 200: 1216–1226.

1527-3350/asset/olbannerleft.gif?v=1&s=4b2409f9534ed500d3c8da1940a23842e2b9932d)
1527-3350/asset/olbannerright.gif?v=1&s=141b9a8485298533c3e2016e937b0404f7d933e1)
