SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

References

  • 1
    Watkins PB, Wrighton SA, Schuetz EG, Molowa DT, Guzelian PS. Identification of glucocorticoid-inducible cytochromes P-450 in the intestinal mucosa of rats and man. J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 10291036.
  • 2
    Kolars JC, Schmiedlin-Ren P, Schuetz JD, Fang C, Watkins PB. Identification of rifampin-inducible P450IIIA4 (CYP3A4) in human small bowel enterocytes. J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 18711878.
  • 3
    Kolars JC, Lown KS, Schmiedlin-Ren P, Ghosh M, Fang C, Wrighton SA, Merion RM. et al. CYP3A gene expression in human gut epithelium. Pharmacogenetics 1994; 4: 247259.
  • 4
    Lown KS, Kolars JC, Thummel KE, Barnett JL, Kunze KL, Wrighton SA, Watkins PB. Interpatient heterogeneity in expression of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in small bowel. Drug Metab Dispos 1994; 22: 947955.
  • 5
    De Waziers I, Cugnenc PH, Yang CS, Leroux J-P, Beaune PH. Cytochrome P 450 isoenzymes, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione transferases in rat and human hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 253: 387394.
  • 6
    Krishna DR, Klotz U. Extrahepatic metabolism of drugs in humans. Clin Pharmacokinet 1994; 26: 144160.
  • 7
    Kolars JC, Awni WM, Merion RM, Watkins PB. First-pass metabolism of cyclosporin by the gut. Lancet 1991; 338: 14881490.
  • 8
    Hebert MF, Roberts JP, Prueksaritanont T, Benet LZ. Bioavailability of cyclosporine with concomitant rifampin administration is markedly less than predicted by hepatic enzyme induction. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 52: 453457.
  • 9
    Gomez DY, Wacher VJ, Tomlanovich SJ, Hebert MF, Benet LZ. The effects of ketoconazole on the intestinal metabolism and bioavailability of cyclosporine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 58: 1519.
  • 10
    Eichelbaum M, Dengler HJ, Somogyi A, von Unruh GE. Superiority of stable isotope techniques in the assessment of the bioavailability of drugs undergoing extensive first pass elimination. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 19: 127131.
  • 11
    Kroemer HK, Echizen H, Heidemann H, Eichelbaum M. Predictability of the in vivo metabolism of verapamil from in vitro data: contribution of individual metabolic pathways and stereoselective aspects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992; 260: 10521057.
  • 12
    Kroemer HK, Gautier J-C, Beaune P, Henderson C, Wolf R, Eichelbaum M. Identification of P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1993; 348: 332337.
  • 13
    Busse D, Cosme J, Beaune P, Kroemer HK, Eichelbaum M. Cytochromes of the P450 20 subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demeth-ylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1995; 353: 116121.
  • 14
    Echizen H, Brecht T, Niedergesass S, Vogelgesang B, Eichelbaum M. The effect of dextro-, levo-, and racemic verapamil on atrioventricular conduction in humans. Am Heart J 1985; 109: 210217.
  • 15
    Echizen H, Vogelgesang B, Eichelbaum M. Effects of d, l-verapamil on atrioventricular conduction in relation to its stereoselective first-pass metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1985; 38: 7176.
  • 16
    Borcherding SM, Baciewicz AM, Self TH. Update on rifampin drug interactions II. Arch Int Med 1992; 152: 711716.
  • 17
    Rieder HL, Cauthen GM, Kelly GD, Bloch AB, Snider DE. Tuberculosis in the United States. JAMA 1989; 262: 385389.
  • 18
    Rahn KH, Mooy J, Böhm R, Von de Vet A. Reduction of bioavailability of verapamil by rifampin. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 920921.
  • 19
    Barbarash RA. Verapamil-rifampin interaction. Drug Intell Clin Pharm 1985; 19: 559560.
  • 20
    Barbarash RA, Bauman JL, Fischer JH, Kondos GT, Batenhorst RL. Near-total reduction in verapamil bioavailability by rifampin. Chest 1988; 94: 954959.
  • 21
    Fischer C, Schonberger F, Mück W, Heuck K, Eichelbaum M. Simultaneous assessment of the intravenous and oral disposition of the enantiomers of racemic nimodipine by chiral stationary-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy combined with a stable isotope technique. J Pharm Sci 1993; 82: 244250.
  • 22
    Mikus G, Eichelbaum M, Fischer C, Gumulka S, Klotz U, Kroemer HK. Interaction of verapamil and cimetidine: stereochemical aspects of drug metabolism, drug disposition and drug action. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 253: 10421048.
  • 23
    Rowland M, Tozer TN. Clinical Pharmacokinetics. Concepts and applications. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1995.
  • 24
    Schomerus M, Spiegelhalder B, Stieren B, Eichelbaum M. Physiological disposition of verapamil in man. Cardiovasc Res 1976; 10: 18.
  • 25
    Wynne HA, Cope LH, Mutch E, Rawlins MD, Woodhouse KW, James OFW. The effect of age upon liver volume and apparent liver blood flow in healthy man. Hepatology 1989; 9: 297301.
  • 26
    Somogyi A, Albrecht M, Kliems G, Schäfer K, Eichelbaum M. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and EGG response of verapamil in patients with liver cirrhosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 12: 5160.
  • 27
    Gross AS, Heuer B, Eichelbaum M. Stereoselective protein binding of verapamil enantiomers. Biochem Pharmacol 1988; 37: 46234627.
  • 28
    Ohnhaus EE, Coninx S, Ramos MR, Noelpp U. Liver blood flow and enzyme induction in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1976; 3: 352353.
  • 29
    Pirttiaho HI, Sotaniemi EA, Pelkonen RO, Pitkänen U. Hepatic blood flow and drug metabolism in patients on enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1982; 22: 441445.
  • 30
    Bauer LA, Stenwall M, Horn JR, Davis R, Opheim K, Greene L. Changes in antipyrine and indocyanine green kinetics during nifedipine, verapamil, and diltiazem therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 40: 239242.
  • 31
    Meredith PA, Elliott HL, Pasanisi F, Kelman AW, Sumner DJ, Reid JL. Verapamil pharmacokinetics and apparent hepatic and renal blood flow. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1985; 20: 101106.
  • 32
    Bolondi L. The value of Doppler US in the study of hepatic hemodynamics. Consensus conference. J Hepatol 1990; 10: 353355.
  • 33
    Reiss WG, Bauer LA, Horn JR, Zierler BK, Easterling TR, Strandness DE. The effects of oral nifedipine on hepatic blood flow in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991; 50: 379384.
  • 34
    McDonnell WM, Scheiman JM, Traber PG. Induction of cytochrome P450IA genes (CYP1A) by omeprazole in the human alimentary tract. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 15091516.
  • 35
    Morel F, Beaune PH, Ratanasavanh D, Flinois J-P, Yang CS, Guengerich FP, Guillouzo A. Expression of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in cultured human hepatozytes. Eur J Biochem 1990; 191: 437444.
  • 36
    Goldstein JA, de Morais SMF. Biochemistry and molecular biology of the human CYP2C subfamily. Pharmacogenetics 1994; 4: 285299.
  • 37
    Loos U, Musch E, Jensen JC, Mikus G, Schwabe HK, Eichelbaum M. Pharmacokinetics of oral and intravenous rifampicin during chronic administration. Klin Wschr 1985; 63: 12051211.
  • 38
    Ducharme MP, Warbasse LH, Edwards DJ. Disposition of intravenous and oral cyclosporine after administration with grapefruit juice. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57: 485491.
  • 39
    Olkkola KT, Aranko K, Luurila H, Hiller A, Saarnivaara L, Himberg J-J, Neuvonen PJ. A potentially hazardous interaction between erythromycin and midazolam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1993; 53: 298305.
  • 40
    Eichelbaum M, Somogyi A, Unruh GEv, Dengler HJ. Simultaneous determination of the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetic parameters of D,L-verapamil using stable isotope-labelled verapamil. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1981; 19: 133137.
  • 41
    Woodcock BG, Schulz W, Kober G, Rietbrock N. Direct determination of hepatic extraction of verapamil in cardiac patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981; 30: 5256.
  • 42
    Eichelbaum M, Albrecht M, Kliems G, Schäfer K, Somogyi A. Influence of mesocaval shunt surgery on verapamil kinetics, bioavailability and response. Brit J Clin Pharmacol 1980; 10: 527530.
  • 43
    Ariëns EJ. Nonchiral, homochiral and composite chiral drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1993; 14: 6875.
  • 44
    Kroemer HK, Fromm MF, Buhl K, Terefe H, Blaschke G, Eichelbaum M. An enantiomer-enantiomer interaction of (S)-and (R)-propafenone modifies the effect of racemic drug therapy. Circulation 1994; 89: 23962400.
  • 45
    Smith DA, Chandler MHH, Shedlofsky SI, Wedlund PJ, Blouin RA. Age-dependent stereoselective increase in the oral clearance of hexobarbitone isomers caused by rifampicin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1991; 32: 735739.
  • 46
    Ohnhaus EE, Breckenridge AM, Park BK. Urinary excretion of 6β-hy-droxycortisol and the time course measurement of enzyme induction in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 36: 3946.
  • 47
    Pichard L, Fabre I, Daujat M, Domergue J, Joyeux H, Maurel P. Effect of corticosteroids on the expression of cytochromes P450 and on cyclosporin A oxidase activity in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol 1992; 41: 10471055.