Original Article
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a German twin cohort: Results of a nationwide study
Article first published online: 5 FEB 2008
DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20380
Copyright © 2008 Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America, Inc.
Additional Information
How to Cite
Spehlmann, M. E., Begun, A. Z., Burghardt, J., Lepage, P., Raedler, A. and Schreiber, S. (2008), Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a German twin cohort: Results of a nationwide study. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 14: 968–976. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20380
Publication History
- Issue published online: 6 JUN 2008
- Article first published online: 5 FEB 2008
- Manuscript Accepted: 4 DEC 2007
- Manuscript Received: 12 OCT 2007
Funded by
- Essex Pharma GmbH, Ulm, Germany
- MFG Educative Science gemeinnützige GmbH
REFERENCES
- 1, , , et al. Association between insertion mutation in NOD2 gene and Crohn's disease in German and British populations. Lancet. 2001; 357: 1925–1928.
- 2, , , et al. Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature. 2001; 411: 599–603.
- 3, , , et al. A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. Nature. 2001; 411: 603–606.
- 4, , , et al. Functional variants of OCTN cation transporter genes are associated with Crohn disease. Nat Genet. 2004; 36: 471–475.
- 5, , , et al. Genetic variation in DLG5 is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Genet. 2004; 36: 476–480.
- 6, , , et al. A genome-wide association study identifies IL23R as an inflammatory bowel disease gene. Science. 2006; 314: 1461–1463.
- 7, , , et al. A genome-wide association scan of nonsynonymous SNPs identifies a susceptibility variant for Crohn disease in ATG16L1. Nat Genet. 2007; 39: 207–211.
- 8, , , et al. Novel Crohn disease locus identified by genome-wide association maps to a gene desert on 5p13.1 and modulates expression of PTGER4. PLoS Genet. 2007; 3: e58.
- 9, , , et al. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for Crohn disease and implicates autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Nat Genet. 2007; 39: 596–604.
- 10, , , et al. The genetics of Crohn disease: complex segregation analysis of a family study with 265 patients with Crohn disease and 5,387 relatives. Am J Med Genet. 1989; 32: 105–108.
- 11, , , et al. Familial aggregation of inflammatory bowel disease in northern Italy: a multicenter study. The Gruppo di Studio per le Malattie Infiammatorie Intestinali (IBD Study Group). Gastroenterology. 1992; 103: 514–519.
- 12, , . Risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease among offspring of patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999; 94: 3236–3238.Direct Link:
- 13, , , et al. Prevalence and family risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: an epidemiological study among Europeans and south Asians in Leicestershire. Gut. 1993; 34: 1547–1551.
- 14, . The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in relatives of patients with Crohn's disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1994; 6: 413–416.
- 15, , , et al. Genetic variation in the 5q31 cytokine gene cluster confers susceptibility to Crohn disease. Nat Genet. 2001; 29: 223–228.
- 16, , , et al. Deficient host-bacteria interactions in inflammatory bowel disease? The toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 Asp299gly polymorphism is associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Gut. 2004; 53: 987–992.
- 17, , , et al. Association analysis of SLC22A4, SLC22A5 and DLG5 in Japanese patients with Crohn disease. J Hum Genet. 2004; 49: 664–668.
- 18, , , et al. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in an unselected population of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. A study of heritability and the influence of smoking. Gut. 1988; 29: 990–996.
- 19, , , et al. Concordance of inflammatory bowel disease among Danish twins. Results of a nationwide study. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000; 35: 1075–1081.
- 20, , , et al. Genetics versus environment in inflammatory bowel disease: results of a British twin study. BMJ. 1996; 312: 95–96.
- 21, , , et al. Studies on similarity diagnosis in twins with the aid of mailed questionnaires. Acta Genet Stat Med. 1961; 11: 338–362.
- 22, , , et al. Selected loss of tolerance evidenced by Crohn's disease-associated immune responses to auto- and microbial antigens. Gastroenterology. 2002; 123: 689–699.
- 23. Twin study: Nature versus nurture in common diseases. In: DayINM, HumphriesSE, eds. Genetics of Common Diseases, Future Therapeutic and Diagnostic Possibilities. Oxford: Bios Scientific; 1997.
- 24, , . Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the county of Tubingen (West Germany). Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1989; 170: 39–43; discussion 50–35.
- 25Available at http://www.lifetable.de (Human Life-Table Database, Germany).
- 26
- 27Available at http://www.destatis.de/e_home.htm (Population, Germany).
- 28, , , et al. Inflammatory bowel disease in a Swedish twin cohort: a long-term follow-up of concordance and clinical characteristics. Gastroenterology. 2003; 124: 1767–1773.
- 29. Phänomen Sexualität. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft; 1999.
- 30, , , et al. Familial empirical risks for inflammatory bowel disease: differences between Jews and non-Jews. Gut. 1993; 34: 517–524.
- 31, , , , , . Family and twin studies in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12: 3668–3672.
- 32, . Inflammatory bowel disease in 67 families each with three or more affected first-degree relatives. Gastroenterology. 1996; 111: 587–596.
- 33. Twin methodology is not always easily understood. BMJ. 1996; 313: 491.
- 34, , , et al. Contribution of CARD15 variants in determining susceptibility to Crohn's disease in Sweden. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2006; 41: 700–705.
- 35, , . The epidemiology and natural history of Crohn's disease in population-based patient cohorts from North America: a systematic review. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002; 16: 51–60.
- 36, . Inflammatory bowel disease in Iceland, 1990-1994: a prospective, nationwide, epidemiological study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000; 12: 31–38.
- 37, , , et al. Ulcerative colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940-1993: incidence, prevalence, and survival. Gut. 2000; 46: 336–343.
- 38, , . Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Scottish children between 1968 and 1983; marginal fall in ulcerative colitis, three-fold rise in Crohn's disease. Gut. 1989; 30: 618–622.
- 39, , . The epidemiology of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Arch Dis Child. 1996; 74: 460–461.
- 40, , , et al. Inflammatory bowel diseases with onset in childhood. Clinical features, morbidity, and mortality in a regional cohort. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1997; 32: 139–147.
- 41, , . Infant mortality and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet. 1997; 349: 472–473.
- 42, , , et al. Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents: Working Group Report of the First World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002; 35( suppl 2): S151–158.
- 43
- 44, , , et al. Genetic and environmental influences on the tracking of body size from birth to early adulthood. Obes Res. 2002; 10: 875–884.
- 45, , , et al. Anticipation in inflammatory bowel disease: a phenomenon caused by an accumulation of confounders. Am J Med Genet. 2000; 92: 178–183.
- 46, , , et al. Stress and coping as predictors of young children's development and psychosocial adjustment. Child Study J. 1992; 273–296.
- 47, , , et al. Stressful life events as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease onset: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102: 122–131.Direct Link:
- 48. Psychosomatic factors in gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Clin Res. 1987; 19: 135–142.
- 49. Psychological aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1986; 98: 544–547.
- 50. Psychosocial issues in inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal failure. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102: S56–S59.Direct Link:
- 51, , , et al. Childhood exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and the risk of ulcerative colitis. Am J Epidemiol. 1992; 135: 603–608.
- 52, . A case-control study of ulcerative colitis with relation to smoking habits and alcohol consumption in Japan. Am J Epidemiol. 1994; 140: 902–911.
- 53, , . Cigarette smoking and ulcerative colitis: a case-control study. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994; 69: 425–429.
- 54, , , et al. Cigarette smoking and inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1987; 93: 316–321.
- 55, , , et al. Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease. A case control study. Gut. 1988; 29: 352–357.
- 56, , , , , , , , , , , , . Lack of association between smoking and Crohn's disease but the usual association with ulcerative colitis in Jewish patients in Israel: a multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 474–478.Direct Link:
- 57, , , et al. Lack of association between smoking and Crohn's disease but the usual association with ulcerative colitis in Jewish patients in Israel: a multicenter study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000; 95: 474–478.Direct Link:
- 58, , , et al. Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006; 81: 1462–1471.
- 59, , , et al. Crohn's disease: concordance for site and clinical type in affected family members—potential hereditary influences. Gastroenterology. 1996; 111: 573–579.
- 60, , , et al. Clinical patterns of familial inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. 1996; 38: 738–741.

1536-4844/asset/IBD_left.gif?v=1&s=9aca2b5041534c51cac4bb66560294c77a457a07)
1536-4844/asset/IBD_right.gif?v=1&s=402e3e241083497ae622916e85e47f64138255a4)
