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Independent and combined effects of alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of esophageal cancer in Taiwan

  1. Chien-Hung Lee1,
  2. Jang-Ming Lee2,
  3. Deng-Chyang Wu3,
  4. Hon-Ki Hsu4,
  5. Ein-Long Kao5,
  6. Hsiao-Ling Huang6,
  7. Tsu-Nai Wang1,
  8. Meng-Chuan Huang7,
  9. Ming-Tsang Wu8,†,*

Article first published online: 28 SEP 2004

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20619

Issue

International Journal of Cancer

International Journal of Cancer

Volume 113, Issue 3, pages 475–482, 20 January 2005

Additional Information

How to Cite

Lee, C.-H., Lee, J.-M., Wu, D.-C., Hsu, H.-K., Kao, E.-L., Huang, H.-L., Wang, T.-N., Huang, M.-C. and Wu, M.-T. (2005), Independent and combined effects of alcohol intake, tobacco smoking and betel quid chewing on the risk of esophageal cancer in Taiwan. Int. J. Cancer, 113: 475–482. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20619

Author Information

  1. 1

    Graduate Institute of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

  2. 2

    Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

  3. 3

    Department of Gastroentology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

  4. 4

    Department of Chest Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

  5. 5

    Department of Chest Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

  6. 6

    Department of Community Health Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA

  7. 7

    Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

  8. 8

    Graduate Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

  1. †

    Fax: +011886-7-3221806

*Graduate Institute of Occupational Health and Safety, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 18 NOV 2004
  2. Article first published online: 28 SEP 2004
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 13 JUL 2004
  4. Manuscript Received: 29 APR 2004

Funded by

  • Taiwan National Science Council. Grant Numbers: NSC 90-2320-B-037-040, NSC 90-2320-B-037-052
  • Taiwan National Health Research Institute. Grant Number: NHRI-CN-IN-9007P
  • Faculty Research Innovation Fund of Kaohsiung Medical University

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