Fax: +613-941-2057.
Epidemiology
You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article
Accumulating evidence on passive and active smoking and breast cancer risk
Article first published online: 31 MAY 2005
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21150
Copyright © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Additional Information
How to Cite
Johnson, K. C. (2005), Accumulating evidence on passive and active smoking and breast cancer risk. Int. J. Cancer, 117: 619–628. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21150
Publication History
- Issue published online: 14 SEP 2005
- Article first published online: 31 MAY 2005
- Manuscript Accepted: 26 JAN 2005
- Manuscript Received: 22 AUG 2004
References
- 1International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cancer in five continents. 2000.
- 2. Breast cancer epidemiology: summary and future directions. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15: 256–63.
- 3, , . Weight control and physical activity in cancer prevention: international evaluation of the evidence. Eur J Cancer Prev 2002; 11: S94–100.
- 4, , , , , , , , , , , et al. Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer--collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58,515 women with breast cancer and 95,067 women without the disease. Br J Cancer 2002; 87: 1234–45.
- 5, , . Population attributable fraction estimation for established breast cancer risk factors: considering the issues of high prevalence an unmodifiability. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 826–33.
- 6, , , . Carcinogenic and endocrine disrupting effects of cigarette smoke and risk of breast cancer. Lancet 2002; 360: 1044–9.
- 7, , . Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk: a long latency period? Int J Cancer 2002; 100: 723–8.Direct Link:
- 8, . Cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15: 145–56.
- 9, . Is there an association between passive smoking and breast cancer? Eur J Epidemiol 2000; 16: 1117–21.
- 10. Smoking (active and passive) and breast cancer: epidemiologic evidence up to June 2001. Environ Mol Mutagen 2002; 39: 89–95.Direct Link:
- 11, . Cigarette smoking and the risk of breast cancer in women: a review of the literature. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002; 11: 953–71.
- 12. Re: “Breast cancer, cigarette smoking, and passive smoking”. Am J Epidemiol 1998; 147: 991–2.
- 13
- 14. Breast cancer, cigarette smoking, and passive smoking. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 208–10.
- 15, . Modern epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998.
- 16, , , , , , , , , . Environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer in nonsmoking women: a multicenter study. JAMA 1994; 271: 1752–9.
- 17, . Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986; 7: 177–88.
- 18. Lung cancer and other diseases related to passive smoking: a large-scale cohort study. GuptaPC, HamnerIIIJE, eds. and MurtiPR. Control of tobacco related cancers and other diseases, international symposium 1990. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1992. 129–137.
- 19, , . Passive smoking in adulthood and cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 37–48.
- 20, , . Alcohol, smoking, passive smoking and caffeine in relation to breast cancer risk in young women. UK National Case-Control Study Group. Br J Cancer 1994; 70: 112–9.
- 21, , , . Relation of breast cancer with passive and active exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 143: 918–28.
- 22, , , , , , , , . Cigarette smoking, N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2, and breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 7: 371–8.
- 23, . Active and passive cigarette smoking and the occurrence of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149: 5–12.
- 24, , . Effects of husbands' smoking on the incidence of lung cancer in Korean women. Int J Epidemiol 1999; 28: 824–8.
- 25, , , , , , , , , . Breast cancer, passive and active cigarette smoking and N-acetyltransferase 2 genotype. Pharmacogenetics 2000; 10: 461–9.
- 26, , . Passive and active smoking and breast cancer risk in Canada, 1994–97. The Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group. Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11: 211–21.
- 27, , , , , . Passive smoking exposure and female breast cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1666–73.
- 28, , , , , , , , . Passive smoking at home and cancer risk: a population-based prospective study in Japanese nonsmoking women. Cancer Causes Control 2001; 12: 797–802.
- 29, , , , , , , . Active and passive smoking in breast cancer: prospective results from the Nurses' Health Study. Epidemiology 2002; 13: 138–45.
- 30, . A null association between active or passive cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002; 75: 181–4.
- 31, . Active and passive smoking and risk of breast cancer by age 50 years among German women. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156: 616–26.
- 32, , , , , , , , , , , et al. Active smoking, household passive smoking, and breast cancer: evidence from the California Teachers Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004; 96: 29–37.
- 33, , , , , , . Passive smoking and breast cancer risk among non-smoking Chinese women. Int J Cancer 2004; 110: 605–9.Direct Link:
- 34, , , , , , , , . Environmental tobacco smoke and breast cancer incidence. Environ Res 2004; 96: 176–85.
- 35, , , , . Active and passive smoking and breast cancer risk in middle-aged Japanese women. Int J Cancer 2004; 114: 317–22.Direct Link:
- 36, , , , , , , , . Passive smoking and other factors at different periods of life and breast cancer risk in Chinese women who have never smoked: a case-control study in Chongqing, People's Republic of China. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000; 1: 131–7.
- 37, , , . Mutagenic activity in nipple aspirates of human breast fluid. (Letter). Cancer Res 1980; 40: 188–9.
- 38. Nipple aspirate fluid in epidemiologic studies of breast disease. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15: 188–95.
- 39, , , , . Nicotine in breast fluid of nonlactating women. Science 1978; 199: 303–4.
- 40International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Monographs Volume 38, 1990.
- 41Office of Research and Development UE. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other disorders. Washington, D.C.: US EPA, 2002.
- 42National Toxicology Program: 10th Annual Report on Carcinogens, 2002.
- 43, , , , , . Exposure of the US population to environmental tobacco smoke: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991. JAMA 1996; 275: 1233–40.
- 44, , . Passive cigarette smoking and breast cancer: environmental tobacco smoke. In: WatsonRR, WittenML, eds. Environmental tobacco smoke. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001. 177–93.
- 45, , , , , , , , , . Genetically based N-acetyltransferase metabolic polymorphism and low-level environmental exposure to carcinogens. Nature 1994; 369: 154–6.
- 46, . Interplay between heterocyclic amines in cooked meat and metabolic phenotype in the etiology of colon cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1996; 7: 479–86.
- 47, , . The antiestrogenic effect of cigarette smoking in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 162: 502–14.
- 48, . Advances in tobacco carcinogenisis. In: GroverP, ed. Hanbook of experimental pharmacology, 1988. Springer-Verlag, 1989.
- 49, , . The accumulated evidence on lung cancer and environmental tobacco smoke. Br Med J 1997; 315: 980–8.
- 50, , , , , , . Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 378–81.
- 51. Exposure of U.S. workers to environmental tobacco smoke. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107: 329–40.
- 52. Re: Passive smoking exposure and female breast cancer mortality. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 719–20.
- 53, . Active and passive smoking in breast cancer. Epidemiology 2002; 13: 745–6.
- 54, , , , , , . The impact of a total ban on smoking in the Johns Hopkins Children's Center. JAMA 1989; 262: 799–802.
- 55, , , , , , . Ending smoking at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions: an evaluation of smoking prevalence and indoor air pollution. JAMA 1990; 264: 1565–9.
- 56National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, and Environmental Protection Agency. Respiratory health effects of passive smoking: lung cancer and other disorders: the report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 933605. ( 4). 1993. Washington, DC: NIH. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph.
- 57National Health and Medical Research Council. The health effects of passive smoking, 1997. Australia.
- 58National Institutes of Health. Health Effects of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Report of the California Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Washington, DC: NIH. Publication Number 994645. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph Number 10.
- 59World Health Organization. International Consultation on Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) and Child Health: Consultation Report. WHO Technical Document. 1–1– 1999.
- 60U.S.Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service National Toxicology Program. 9th Report on Carcinogens. 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
- 61, , . Epidemiologic studies of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease and ETS exposure from spousal smoking. Environ Health Perspect 1999; 107: 841–6.
- 62. Modern epidemiology. New York: Lippincott-Raven, 1986.

1097-0215/asset/olbannerleft.jpg?v=1&s=45719cd7de57873027993264fcc568b335a8cd56)
1097-0215/asset/olbannerright.jpg?v=1&s=5e0fba63c1309b3036eb9215a0e1e83dd02efd19)
