SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

References

  • 1
    Parkin DM, Stiller CA, Draper GJ, Bieber CA. International incidence of childhood cancer. Lyon: IARC, 1988.
  • 2
    Pui CH. Childhood leukemias. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 161830.
  • 3
    Little J. Epidemiology of childhood cancer. Lyon: IARC, 1999.
  • 4
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Diesel and Gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. Lyon: IARC, 1989.
  • 5
    Pearson RL, Wachtel H, Ebi KL. Distance-weighted traffic density in proximity to a home is a risk factor for leukemia and other childhood cancers. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2000; 50: 17580.
  • 6
    Savitz DA, Feingold L. Association of childhood cancer with residential traffic density. Scand J Work Environ Health 1989; 15: 3603.
  • 7
    Reynolds P, Elkin E, Scalf R, Von Behren J, Neutra RR. A case-control pilot study of traffic exposures and early childhood leukemia using a geographic information system. Bioelectromagnetics 2001; Suppl 5: S5868.
  • 8
    Reynolds P, Von Behren J, Gunier RB, Goldberg DE, Hertz A. Residential exposure to traffic in California and childhood cancer. Epidemiology 2004; 15: 612.
  • 9
    Wertheimer N, Leeper E. Electrical wiring configurations and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1979; 109: 27384.
  • 10
    Feychting M, Svensson D, Ahlbom A. Exposure to motor vehicle exhaust and childhood cancer. Scand J Work. Environ Health 1998; 24: 811.
  • 11
    Raaschou-Nielsen O, Hertel O, Thomsen BL, Olsen JH. Air pollution from traffic at the residence of children with cancer. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 153: 43343.
  • 12
    Langholz B, Ebi KL, Thomas DC, Peters JM, London SJ. Traffic density and the risk of childhood leukemia in a Los Angeles case-control study. Ann Epidemiol 2002; 12: 4827.
  • 13
    Crosignani P, Tittarelli A, Borgini A, Codazzi T, Rovelli A, Porro E, Contiero P, Bianchi N, Tagliabue G, Fissi R, Rossitto F, Berrino F. Childhood leukemia and road traffic: a population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2004; 108: 5969.
  • 14
    Steffen C, Auclerc MF, Auvrignon A, Baruchel A, Kebaili K, Lambilliotte A, Leverger G, Sommelet D, Vilmer E, Hémon D, Clavel J. Acute childhood leukaemia and environmental exposure to potential sources of benzene and other hydrocarbons; a case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2004; 61: 7738.
  • 15
    Alexander FE, Leon DA, Cartwright RA. Isolation, car ownership, and small area variation in incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 1996; 10: 4117.
  • 16
    Knox EG, Gilman EA. Hazard proximities of childhood cancers in Great Britain from 1953–80. J Epidemiol Community Health 1997; 51: 1519.
  • 17
    Nordlinder R, Jarvholm B. Environmental exposure to gasoline and leukemia in children and young adults–an ecology study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1997; 70: 5760.
  • 18
    Harrison RM, Leung PL, Somervaille L, Smith R, Gilman E. Analysis of incidence of childhood cancer in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom in relation to proximity to main roads and petrol stations. Occup Environ Med 1999; 56: 77480.
  • 19
    Reynolds P, Von Behren J, Gunier RB, Goldberg DE, Hertz A, Smith D. Traffic patterns and childhood cancer incidence rates in California, United States. Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13: 66573.
  • 20
    Reynolds P, Von Behren J, Gunier RB, Goldberg DE, Hertz A, Smith DF. Childhood cancer incidence rates and hazardous air pollutants in California: an exploratory analysis. Environ Health Perspect 2003; 111: 6638.
  • 21
    Visser O, van Wijnen JH, van Leeuwen FE. Residential traffic density and cancer incidence in Amsterdam, 1989–1997. Cancer Causes Control 2004; 15: 3319.
  • 22
    Savitz DA, Wachtel H, Barnes FA, John EM, Tvrdik JG. Case-control study of childhood cancer and exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields. Am J Epidemiol 1988; 128: 2138.
  • 23
    London SJ, Thomas DC, Bowman JD, Sobel E, Cheng TC, Peters JM. Exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia. Am J Epidemiol 1991; 134: 92337.
  • 24
    Rodes CE, Holland DM. Variations of NO, NO2 and O3 concentrations downwind of a Los Angeles freeway. Atmospheric Environment 1981; 15: 24350.
  • 25
    Knox EG. Childhood cancers and atmospheric carcinogens. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005; 59: 1015.
  • 26
    Poole C, Trichopoulos D. Extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1991; 2: 26776.
  • 27
    Olson SH, Kelsey JL, Pearson TA, Levin B. Evaluation of random digit dialing as a method of control selection in case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135: 21022.
  • 28
    Ebi KL, Kheifets LI, Pearson R L, Wachtel H. Description of a new computer wire coding method and its application to evaluate potential control selection bias in the Savitz et al. childhood cancer study. Bioelectromagnetics 2000; 21: 34653.
  • 29
    Gunier RB, Hertz A, Von Behren J, Reynolds P. Traffic density in California: socioeconomic and ethnic differences among potentially exposed children. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 2003; 13: 2406.
  • 30
    Raaschou-Nielsen O, Lohse C, Thomsen BL, Skov H, Olsen JH. Ambient air levels and the exposure of children to benzene, toluene, and xylenes in Denmark. Environ Res 1997; 75: 14959.
  • 31
    Linet Ms, Cartwright RA. The leukemias. In: SchottenfeldD, FraumeniJF,Jr, eds. Cancer epidemiology and prevention. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1996. 84192.
  • 32
    Savitz DA, Andrews KW. Review of epidemiologic evidence on benzene and lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers. Am J Ind Med 1997; 31: 28795.
    Direct Link:
  • 33
    Duarte-Davidson R, Courage C, Rushton L, Levy L. Benzene in the environment: an assessment of the potential risks to the health of the population. Occup Environ Med 2001; 58: 213.
  • 34
    Wild CP, Kleinjans J. Children and increased susceptibility to environmental carcinogens: evidence or empathy? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003; 12: 138994.
  • 35
    MacMahon B, Levi MA. Prenatal origin of childhood leukemia. Evidence from twins. N Engl J Med 1964; 270: 10825.
  • 36
    Kneale GW, Stewart AM. Age variation in the cancer risks from foetal irradiation. Br J Cancer 1977; 36: 50110.
  • 37
    Knox EG, Marshall T, Barling R. Leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins. J Epidemiol Community Health 1984; 38: 126.
  • 38
    Raaschou-Nielsen O, Hertel O, Vignati E, Berkowicz R, Jensen SS, Larsen VB, Lohse C, Olsen JH. An air pollution model for use in epidemiological studies: evaluation with measured levels of nitrogen dioxide and benzene. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 2000; 10: 414.
  • 39
    Dosemeci M, Wacholder S, Lubin JH. Does nondifferential misclassification of exposure always bias a true effect toward the null value? Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132: 7468.
  • 40
    Birkett NJ. Effect of nondifferential misclassification on estimates of odds ratios with multiple levels of exposure. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 136: 35662.
  • 41
    Dosemeci M, Stewart PA. Recommendations for reducing the effects of exposure misclassification on relative risk estimates. Occup Hyg 1996; 3: 16976.
  • 42
    Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Modern epidemiology, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1998.
  • 43
    Marshall JR, Priore R, Graham S, Brasure J. On the distortion of risk estimates in multiple exposure level case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol 1981; 113: 46473.
  • 44
    California Air Resources Board. http://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/toxics/statepages/benzstate.html ( 2005).
  • 45
    Raaschou-Nielsen O, Obel J, Dalton S, Tjonneland A, Hansen J. Socioeconomic status and risk of childhood leukaemia in Denmark. Scand J Public Health 2004; 32: 27986.
  • 46
    Draper G, Elliott P. Variations in incidence rates and factors affecting them––summary. In: DraperG, ed. The geographical epidemiology of childhood leukeamia and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Great Britain, 1966–83. London: HSMO, 1991. 579.
  • 47
    Buffler PA, Kwan ML, Reynolds P, Urayama KY. Environmental and genetic risk factors for childhood leukemia: appraising the evidence. Cancer Invest 2005; 23: 6075.