Epidemiology

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Association of frequent consumption of fatty fish with prostate cancer risk is modified by COX-2 polymorphism

  1. Maria Hedelin1,†,*,
  2. Ellen T. Chang1,2,
  3. Fredrik Wiklund1,3,
  4. Rino Bellocco1,4,
  5. Åsa Klint1,
  6. Jan Adolfsson5,
  7. Katarina Shahedi3,
  8. Jianfeng Xu6,
  9. Hans-Olov Adami1,7,
  10. Henrik Grönberg1,3,
  11. Katarina Augustsson Bälter1

Article first published online: 25 OCT 2006

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22319

Issue

International Journal of Cancer

International Journal of Cancer

Volume 120, Issue 2, pages 398–405, 15 January 2007

Additional Information

How to Cite

Hedelin, M., Chang, E. T., Wiklund, F., Bellocco, R., Klint, Å., Adolfsson, J., Shahedi, K., Xu, J., Adami, H.-O., Grönberg, H. and Bälter, K. A. (2007), Association of frequent consumption of fatty fish with prostate cancer risk is modified by COX-2 polymorphism. International Journal of Cancer, 120: 398–405. doi: 10.1002/ijc.22319

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

  2. 2

    Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, CA

  3. 3

    Department of Radiation Sciences/Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

  4. 4

    Department of Statistics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy

  5. 5

    Oncologic Center, CLINTEC, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

  6. 6

    Center of Human Genomics, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

  7. 7

    Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA

  1. †

    Fax: +46-8-31-49-57.

*Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 28 NOV 2006
  2. Article first published online: 25 OCT 2006
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 2 AUG 2006
  4. Manuscript Received: 14 MAR 2006

Funded by

  • Swedish Cancer Foundation (Cancerfonden). Grant Number: 05 0158
  • NIH. Grant Number: 1R01CA105055

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Keywords:

  • epidemiology;
  • prostate cancer;
  • fish;
  • omega-3 fatty acids;
  • SNP

Abstract

Dietary intake of marine fatty acids from fish may protect against prostate cancer development. We studied this association and whether it is modified by genetic variation in cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. We assessed dietary intake of fish among 1,499 incident prostate cancer cases and 1,130 population controls in Sweden. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and genotyped in available blood samples for 1,378 cases and 782 controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by multivariate logistic regression. Multiplicative and additive interactions between fish intake and COX-2 SNPs on prostate cancer risk were evaluated. Eating fatty fish (e.g., salmon-type fish) once or more per week, compared to never, was associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.43–0.76). The OR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of marine fatty acids intake was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.51–0.97). We found a significant interaction (p < 0.001) between salmon-type fish intake and a SNP in the COX-2 gene (rs5275: +6365 T/C), but not with the 4 other SNPs examined. We found strong inverse associations with increasing intake of salmon-type fish among carriers of the variant allele (OR for once per week or more vs. never = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.18–0.45; ptrend < 0.01), but no association among carriers of the more common allele. Frequent consumption of fatty fish and marine fatty acids appears to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, and this association is modified by genetic variation in the COX-2 gene. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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