Epidemiology

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Personal sun exposure and risk of non Hodgkin lymphoma: A pooled analysis from the Interlymph Consortium

  1. Anne Kricker1,*,
  2. Bruce K. Armstrong1,
  3. Ann Maree Hughes2,
  4. Chris Goumas1,
  5. Karin Ekström Smedby3,
  6. Tongzhang Zheng4,
  7. John J. Spinelli5,
  8. Sylvia De Sanjosé6,
  9. Patricia Hartge7,
  10. Mads Melbye8,
  11. Eleanor V. Willett2,
  12. Nikolaus Becker9,
  13. Brian C.H. Chiu10,
  14. James R. Cerhan11,
  15. Marc Maynadié12,
  16. Anthony Staines13,
  17. Pierluigi Cocco14,
  18. Paolo Boffeta15

Article first published online: 20 AUG 2007

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23003

Issue

International Journal of Cancer

International Journal of Cancer

Volume 122, Issue 1, pages 144–154, 1 January 2008

Additional Information

How to Cite

Kricker, A., Armstrong, B. K., Hughes, A. M., Goumas, C., Smedby, K. E., Zheng, T., Spinelli, J. J., De Sanjosé, S., Hartge, P., Melbye, M., Willett, E. V., Becker, N., Chiu, B. C., Cerhan, J. R., Maynadié, M., Staines, A., Cocco, P. and Boffeta, P. (2008), Personal sun exposure and risk of non Hodgkin lymphoma: A pooled analysis from the Interlymph Consortium. International Journal of Cancer, 122: 144–154. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23003

Author Information

  1. 1

    School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

  2. 2

    Epidemiology and Genetics Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

  3. 3

    Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

  4. 4

    Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT

  5. 5

    Cancer Control Research Program, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

  6. 6

    Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain

  7. 7

    Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD

  8. 8

    Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark

  9. 9

    Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany

  10. 10

    Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL

  11. 11

    Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN

  12. 12

    Registre des Hemopathies Malignes de Cote d'Or, Faculte de Medecine de Dijon, Dijon, France

  13. 13

    School of Public Health, University College Dublin, Ireland

  14. 14

    Department of Public Health, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Italy

  15. 15

    Unit of Environmental Cancer Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

*School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building A27, University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 26 OCT 2007
  2. Article first published online: 20 AUG 2007
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 11 JUN 2007
  4. Manuscript Received: 7 APR 2007

Funded by

  • NCI. Grant Numbers: CA62006, PC65064, PC67008, PC67009, PC67010, PC71105
  • American Institute for Cancer Research. Grant Numbers: 99B083, CA92153
  • National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. Grant Number: 990920
  • European Commission 5th Framework Program, Quality of Life. Grant Number: QLK4-CT-2000-00422
  • Spanish Ministry of Health. Grant Numbers: 04-0091, CIBER 06/0073
  • La Fondation de France. Grant Number: 1999-. 1999 008471
  • German Federal Office for Radiation Protection. Grant Numbers: StSch4261, StSch4420
  • NIH. Grant Number: 5RO1 CA69269-02
  • Swedish Cancer Society. Grant Number: 02 661
  • The Cancer Council NSW, University of Sydney Medical Foundation Program Grant, National Cancer Institute of Canada, the Chan Sisters Foundation, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, the Leukaemia Research Fund, Compagnia di San Paolo di Torino, Programma Oncologia 2001, the Health Research Board (Ireland), Plan Denmark, The Danish National Research Foundation (SCALE)

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Keywords:

  • non Hodgkin lymphoma;
  • personal sun exposure;
  • pooled analysis

Abstract

In 2004–2007 4 independent case-control studies reported evidence that sun exposure might protect against NHL; a fifth, in women only, found increased risks of NHL associated with a range of sun exposure measurements. These 5 studies are the first to examine the association between personal sun exposure and NHL. We report here on the relationship between sun exposure and NHL in a pooled analysis of 10 studies participating in the International Lymphoma Epidemiology Consortium (InterLymph), including the 5 published studies. Ten case-control studies covering 8,243 cases and 9,697 controls in the USA, Europe and Australia contributed original data for participants of European origin to the pooled analysis. Four kinds of measures of self-reported personal sun exposure were assessed at interview. A two-stage estimation method was used in which study-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders including smoking and alcohol use, were obtained from unconditional logistic regression models and combined in random-effects models to obtain the pooled estimates. Risk of NHL fell significantly with the composite measure of increasing recreational sun exposure, pooled OR = 0.76 (95% CI 0.63–0.91) for the highest exposure category (p for trend 0.01). A downtrend in risk with increasing total sun exposure was not statistically significant. The protective effect of recreational sun exposure was statistically significant at 18–40 years of age and in the 10 years before diagnosis, and for B cell, but not T cell, lymphomas. Increased recreational sun exposure may protect against NHL. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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