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Physical activity and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort

  1. Nina Føns Johnsen1,†,*,
  2. Anne Tjønneland1,
  3. Birthe L.R. Thomsen1,
  4. Jane Christensen1,
  5. Steffen Loft2,
  6. Christine Friedenreich3,
  7. Timothy J. Key4,
  8. Naomi E. Allen4,
  9. Petra H. Lahmann5,6,
  10. Lotte Mejlvig7,
  11. Kim Overvad8,
  12. Rudolf Kaaks9,
  13. Sabine Rohrmann9,
  14. Heiner Boing5,
  15. Gesthimani Misirli10,
  16. Antonia Trichopoulou10,
  17. Dimosthenis Zylis10,
  18. Rosario Tumino11,
  19. Valeria Pala12,
  20. H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita13,
  21. Lambertus A. Kiemeney14,
  22. Laudina Rodríguez Suárez15,
  23. Carlos A. Gonzalez16,
  24. Maria-José Sánchez17,
  25. José María Huerta18,
  26. Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea19,
  27. Jonas Manjer20,
  28. Elisabet Wirfält21,
  29. Kay-Tee Khaw22,
  30. Nick Wareham23,
  31. Paolo Boffetta24,
  32. Lars Egevad24,
  33. Sabina Rinaldi24,
  34. Elio Riboli25

Article first published online: 3 FEB 2009

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24326

Issue

International Journal of Cancer

International Journal of Cancer

Volume 125, Issue 4, pages 902–908, 15 August 2009

Additional Information

How to Cite

Johnsen, N. F., Tjønneland, A., Thomsen, B. L.R., Christensen, J., Loft, S., Friedenreich, C., Key, T. J., Allen, N. E., Lahmann, P. H., Mejlvig, L., Overvad, K., Kaaks, R., Rohrmann, S., Boing, H., Misirli, G., Trichopoulou, A., Zylis, D., Tumino, R., Pala, V., Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B., Kiemeney, L. A., Suárez, L. R., Gonzalez, C. A., Sánchez, M.-J., Huerta, J. M., Gurrea, A. B., Manjer, J., Wirfält, E., Khaw, K.-T., Wareham, N., Boffetta, P., Egevad, L., Rinaldi, S. and Riboli, E. (2009), Physical activity and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Int. J. Cancer, 125: 902–908. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24326

Author Information

  1. 1

    Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark

  2. 2

    Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  3. 3

    Division of Population Health, Alberta Cancer Board, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

  4. 4

    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  5. 5

    Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany

  6. 6

    The University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Herston Queensland 4006, Australia

  7. 7

    Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

  8. 8

    Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark

  9. 9

    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany

  10. 10

    Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

  11. 11

    Cancer Registry, Azienda Ospedaliera “Civile M.P. Arezzo,” Ragusa, Italy

  12. 12

    Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy

  13. 13

    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands

  14. 14

    Departments of Epidemiology and Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands

  15. 15

    Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain

  16. 16

    Department of Epidemiology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain

  17. 17

    Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain

  18. 18

    CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública and Servicio de Epidemiología, Consejería de Sanidad, Murcia, Spain

  19. 19

    Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain

  20. 20

    Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

  21. 21

    Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  22. 22

    Department of Public Health Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  23. 23

    MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  24. 24

    International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

  25. 25

    Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

  1. †

    Fax: +45-35-25-7731.

*Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark

  1. †

    Fax: +45-35-25-7731.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 11 JUN 2009
  2. Article first published online: 3 FEB 2009
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 18 DEC 2008
  4. Manuscript Received: 29 SEP 2008

Funded by

  • Europe Against Cancer Programe of the European Commission (SANCO)
  • Danish Cancer Society
  • Danish Medical Research Counsil
  • Danish Graduate School in Public Health
  • German Cancer Aid
  • Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer
  • 3M Company
  • INSERM
  • German Cancer Research Center
  • German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
  • Dutch Ministry of Public Health
  • Welfare and Sports
  • National Cancer Registry and the Regional Cancer Registries Amsterdam
  • East and Maastricht of The Netherlands
  • Norwegian Cancer Society
  • Norwegian Research Council
  • Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health
  • Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity
  • Hellenic Health Foundation
  • Italian Association for Research on Cancer
  • Compagnia di San Paolo, Italy
  • Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias
  • Basque Country
  • Murcia and Navarra
  • ISCIII Red de Centros RCESP C03/09, Spain
  • Swedish Cancer Society
  • Swedish Scientific Council
  • Regional Government of Skåne, Sweden
  • Cancer Research UK
  • Medical Research Council, UK
  • Stroke Association, UK
  • British Heart Foundation
  • Department of Health, UK
  • Food Standards Agency, UK
  • Wellcome Trust, UK
  • University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute, NSW, Australia
  • Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research (Health Research Award)

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Keywords:

  • physical activity;
  • exercise;
  • prostate cancer;
  • cohort

Abstract

The evidence concerning the possible association between physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer is inconsistent and additional data are needed. We examined the association between risk of prostate cancer and physical activity at work and in leisure time in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. In our study, including 127,923 men aged 20–97 years from 8 European countries, 2,458 cases of prostate cancer were identified during 8.5 years of followup. Using the Cox proportional hazards model, we investigated the associations between prostate cancer incidence rate and occupational activity and leisure time activity in terms of participation in sports, cycling, walking and gardening; a metabolic equivalent (MET) score based on weekly time spent on the 4 activities; and a physical activity index. MET hours per week of leisure time activity, higher score in the physical activity index, participation in any of the 4 leisure time activities, and the number of leisure time activities in which the participants were active were not associated with prostate cancer incidence. However, higher level of occupational physical activity was associated with lower risk of advanced stage prostate cancer (ptrend = 0.024). In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis of an inverse association between advanced prostate cancer risk and occupational physical activity, but we found no support for an association between prostate cancer risk and leisure time physical activity. © 2009 UICC

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