Epidemiology

You have full text access to this OnlineOpen article

Reproductive and hormonal factors and the risk of nonsmall cell lung cancer

  1. Cari L. Meinhold1,†,*,
  2. Amy Berrington de González1,
  3. Elise D. Bowman2,
  4. Alina V. Brenner1,
  5. Raymond T. Jones3,
  6. James V. Lacey Jr.4,
  7. Christopher A. Loffredo5,
  8. Donna Perlmutter3,
  9. Sara J. Schonfeld1,
  10. Glenwood E. Trivers2,
  11. Curtis C. Harris2

Article first published online: 4 MAY 2010

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25434

Issue

International Journal of Cancer

International Journal of Cancer

Volume 128, Issue 6, pages 1404–1413, 15 March 2011

Additional Information

How to Cite

Meinhold, C. L., Berrington de González, A., Bowman, E. D., Brenner, A. V., Jones, R. T., Lacey, J. V., Loffredo, C. A., Perlmutter, D., Schonfeld, S. J., Trivers, G. E. and Harris, C. C. (2011), Reproductive and hormonal factors and the risk of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int. J. Cancer, 128: 1404–1413. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25434

Author Information

  1. 1

    Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD

  2. 2

    Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD

  3. 3

    Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

  4. 4

    Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA

  5. 5

    Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC

  1. †

    Fax: +301-402-0207

*Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, EPS 7051, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20852, USA

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 28 JAN 2011
  2. Article first published online: 4 MAY 2010
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 16 APR 2010
  4. Manuscript Received: 29 DEC 2009

Funded by

  • Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute

SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

ARTICLE TOOLS

View Full Article with Supporting Information (HTML) Get PDF (159K)

References

  • 1
    Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Hao Y, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer J Clin 2009; 59: 225–49.
    Direct Link:
  • 2
    Risch HA, Howe GR, Jain M, Burch JD, Holowaty EJ, Miller AB. Are female smokers at higher risk for lung cancer than male smokers? A case-control analysis by histologic type. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 138: 281–93.
  • 3
    Zhang EA, Wynder EL. Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: examination of the evidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996; 88: 183–92.
  • 4
    Bach PB, Kattan MW, Thornquist MD, Kris MG, Tate RC, Barnett MJ, Hsieh LJ, Begg CB. Variations in lung cancer risk among smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 470–8.
  • 5
    Freedman ND, Leitzmann MF, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC. Cigarette smoking and subsequent risk of lung cancer in men and women: analysis of a prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9: 649–56.
  • 6
    Stabile LP, Davis AL, Gubish CT, Hopkins TM, Luketich JD, Christie N, Finkelstein S, Siegfried JM. Human non-small cell lung tumors and cells derived from normal lung express both estrogen receptor alpha and beta and show biological responses to estrogen. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 2141–50.
  • 7
    Benowitz NL, Lessov-Schlaggar CN, Swan GE, Jacob P, III. Female sex and oral contraceptive use accelerate nicotine metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 79: 480–8.
  • 8
    Taioli E, Wynder EL. Re: endocrine factors and adenocarcinoma of the lung in women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86: 869–70.
  • 9
    Liu Y, Inoue M, Sobue T, Tsugane S. Reproductive factors, hormone use and the risk of lung cancer among middle-aged never-smoking Japanese women: a large-scale population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2005; 117: 662–6.
    Direct Link:
  • 10
    Elliott AM, Hannaford PC. Use of exogenous hormones by women and lung cancer: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study. Contraception 2006; 73: 331–5.
  • 11
    Kabat GC, Miller AB, Rohan TE. Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of lung cancer in women: a prospective cohort study. Int J Cancer 2007; 120: 2214–20.
    Direct Link:
  • 12
    Seow A, Koh WP, Wang R, Lee HP, Yu MC. Reproductive variables, soy intake, and lung cancer risk among nonsmoking women in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18: 821–7.
  • 13
    Weiss JM, Lacey JV, Jr., Shu XO, Ji BT, Hou L, Yang G, Li H, Rothman N, Blair A, Gao YT, Chow WH, Zheng W. Menstrual and reproductive factors in association with lung cancer in female lifetime nonsmokers. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168: 1319–25.
  • 14
    Schwartz AG, Wenzlaff AS, Prysak GM, Murphy V, Cote ML, Brooks SC, Skafar DF, Lonardo F. Reproductive factors, hormone use, estrogen receptor expression and risk of non small-cell lung cancer in women. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 5785–92.
  • 15
    Kreuzer M, Gerken M, Heinrich J, Kreienbrock L, Wichmann HE. Hormonal factors and risk of lung cancer among women? Int J Epidemiol 2003; 32: 263–71.
  • 16
    Brenner AV, Wang Z, Kleinerman RA, Lei S, Metayer C, Wang W, Lubin JH. Menstrual and reproductive factors and risk of lung cancer among Chinese women, Eastern Gansu Province, 1994–1998. J Epidemiol 2003; 13: 22–8.
  • 17
    Seow A, Poh WT, Teh M, Eng P, Wang YT, Tan WC, Chia KS, Yu MC, Lee HP. Diet, reproductive factors and lung cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore: evidence for a protective effect of soy in nonsmokers. Int J Cancer 2002; 97: 365–71.
    Direct Link:
  • 18
    Zatloukal P, Kubík A, Pauk N, Tomásek L, Petruzelka L. Adenocarcinoma of the lung among women: risk associated with smoking, prior lung disease, diet and menstrual and pregnancy history. Lung Cancer 2003; 41: 283–93.
  • 19
    Wu AH, Yu MC, Thomas DC, Pike MC, Henderson BE. Personal and family history of lung disease as risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the lung. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 7279–84.
  • 20
    Gao YT, Blot WJ, Zheng W, Ershow AG, Hsu CW, Levin LI, Zhang R, Fraumeni JF, Jr. Lung cancer among Chinese women. Int J Cancer 1987; 40: 604–9.
    Direct Link:
  • 21
    Wu-Williams AH, Dai XD, Blot W, Xu ZY, Sun XW, Xiao HP, Stone BJ, Yu SF, Feng YP, Ershow AG, Sun J, Fraumeni JF, Jr., et al. Lung cancer among women in north-east China. Br J Cancer 1990; 62: 982–7.
  • 22
    Adami HO, Persson I, Hoover R, Schairer C, Bergkvist L. Risk of cancer in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Int J Cancer 1989; 44: 833–9.
    Direct Link:
  • 23
    Blackman J, Coogan PF, Rosenberg L, Strom BL, Zauber AG, Palmer JR, Langenberg P, Shapiro S. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of lung cancer. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2002; 11: 561–7.
    Direct Link:
  • 24
    Rodriguez C, Feigelson HS, Deka A, Patel AV, Jacobs EJ, Thun MJ, Calle EE. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and lung cancer risk in the cancer prevention study II nutrition cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17: 655–60.
  • 25
    Schabath MB, Wu X, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R, Vaporciyan AA, Spitz MR. Hormone replacement therapy and lung cancer risk: a case-control analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10: 113–23.
  • 26
    Chen KY, Hsiao CF, Chang GC, Tsai YH, Su WC, Perng RP, Huang MS, Hsiung CA, Chen CJ, Yan PC; GEFLAC Study Group. Hormone replacement therapy and lung cancer risk in Chinese. Cancer 2007; 110: 1768–75.
    Direct Link:
  • 27
    Olsson H, Bladstrom A, Ingvar C. Are smoking-associated cancers prevented or postponed in women using hormone replacement therapy? Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102: 565–70.
  • 28
    Ettinger B, Friedman GD, Bush T, Quesenberry CP, Jr. Reduced mortality associated with long-term postmenopausal estrogen therapy. Obstet Gynecol 1996; 87: 6–12.
  • 29
    Ramnath N, Menezes RJ, Loewen G, Dua P, Eid F, Alkhaddo J, Paganelli G, Natarajan N, Reid ME. Hormone replacement therapy as a risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer: results of a case-control study. Oncology 2007; 73: 305–10.
  • 30
    Zheng YL, Loffredo CA, Yu Z, Jones RT, Krasna MJ, Alberg AJ, Yung R, Perlmutter D, Enewold L, Harris CC, Shields PG. Bleomycin-induced chromosome breaks as a risk marker for lung cancer: a case-control study with population and hospital controls. Carcinogenesis 2003; 24: 269–74.
  • 31
    Zheng YL, Loffredo CA, Alberg AJ, Yu Z, Jones RT, Perlmutter D, Enewold L, Krasna MJ, Yung R, Shields PG, Harris CC. Less efficient g2-m checkpoint is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in African Americans. Cancer Res 2005; 65: 9566–73.
  • 32
    Guidelines for counseling postmenopausal women about preventive hormone therapy. American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 1038–41.
  • 33
    Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Hunter DJ, Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Longcope C, Speizer FE. Reproductive factors and family history of breast cancer in relation to plasma estrogen and prolactin levels in postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1995; 6: 217–24.
  • 34
    Midgette AS, Baron JA. Cigarette smoking and the risk of natural menopause. Epidemiology 1990; 1: 474–80.
  • 35
    Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 288: 321–33.
  • 36
    Mollerup S, Jørgensen K, Berge G, Haugen A. Expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in human lung tissue and cell lines. Lung Cancer 2002; 37: 153–9.
  • 37
    Ben-Zaken Cohen S, Paré PD, Man SF, Sin DD. The growing burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer in women: examining sex differences in cigarette smoke metabolism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176: 113–20.
  • 38
    Thomas L, Doyle LA, Edelman MJ. Lung cancer in women: emerging differences in epidemiology, biology, and therapy. Chest 2005; 128: 370–81.
  • 39
    Yager JD, Liehr JG. Molecular mechanisms of estrogen carcinogenesis. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1996; 36: 203–32.
  • 40
    Kruczynski A, Astruc J, Chazottes E, Kiss R. Characterization of the hormone-sensitivity of three human non-small-cell lung cancers grafted onto nude mice. Oncology 1993; 50: 285–92.
  • 41
    Schwartzbaum J, Ahlbom A, Feychting M. Berkson's bias reviewed. Eur J Epidemiol 2003; 18: 1109–12.
View Full Article with Supporting Information (HTML) Get PDF (159K)