Epidemiology

Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

  1. Konstantinos K. Tsilidis1,†,*,
  2. Naomi E. Allen1,
  3. Timothy J. Key1,
  4. Miguel A. SanJoaquin2,
  5. Kjersti Bakken3,
  6. Franco Berrino4,
  7. Agnès Fournier5,6,7,
  8. Eiliv Lund3,
  9. Kim Overvad8,
  10. Anja Olsen9,
  11. Anne Tjønneland9,
  12. Graham Byrnes10,
  13. Veronique Chajes10,
  14. Sabina Rinaldi10,
  15. Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault5,6,7,
  16. Francoise Clavel-Chapelon5,6,7,
  17. Jenny Chang-Claude11,
  18. Rudolf Kaaks11,
  19. Manuela Bergmann12,
  20. Heiner Boeing12,
  21. Yvoni Koumantaki13,
  22. Domenico Palli14,
  23. Valeria Pala4,
  24. Salvatore Panico15,
  25. Rosario Tumino16,
  26. Paolo Vineis17,18,
  27. H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita19,
  28. Fränzel J.B. van Duijnhoven19,
  29. Carla H. van Gils20,
  30. Petra H.M. Peeters20,
  31. Laudina Rodríguez21,
  32. Carlos A. González22,
  33. María-José Sánchez23,
  34. Maria-Dolores Chirlaque24,
  35. Aurelio Barricarte25,
  36. Miren Dorronsoro26,
  37. Kay-Tee Khaw27,
  38. Sheila A. Rodwell28,‡,
  39. Teresa Norat18,
  40. Dora Romaguera18,
  41. Elio Riboli18

Article first published online: 9 JUN 2010

DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25504

Issue

International Journal of Cancer

International Journal of Cancer

Volume 128, Issue 8, pages 1881–1889, 15 April 2011

Additional Information

How to Cite

Tsilidis, K. K., Allen, N. E., Key, T. J., SanJoaquin, M. A., Bakken, K., Berrino, F., Fournier, A., Lund, E., Overvad, K., Olsen, A., Tjønneland, A., Byrnes, G., Chajes, V., Rinaldi, S., Boutron-Ruault, M.-C., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Chang-Claude, J., Kaaks, R., Bergmann, M., Boeing, H., Koumantaki, Y., Palli, D., Pala, V., Panico, S., Tumino, R., Vineis, P., Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, H., van Duijnhoven, F. J., van Gils, C. H., Peeters, P. H., Rodríguez, L., González, C. A., Sánchez, M.-J., Chirlaque, M.-D., Barricarte, A., Dorronsoro, M., Khaw, K.-T., Rodwell, S. A., Norat, T., Romaguera, D. and Riboli, E. (2011), Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. International Journal of Cancer, 128: 1881–1889. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25504

Author Information

  1. 1

    Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  2. 2

    Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust, Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi

  3. 3

    Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

  4. 4

    Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy

  5. 5

    INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), ERI 20, Villejuif, France

  6. 6

    University Paris-South 11, EA 4045, IFR69, Villejuif, France

  7. 7

    Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

  8. 8

    Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

  9. 9

    Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark

  10. 10

    International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France

  11. 11

    Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany

  12. 12

    Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany

  13. 13

    Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

  14. 14

    Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy

  15. 15

    Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

  16. 16

    Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Civile – M.P.Arezzo”, Ragusa, Italy

  17. 17

    ISI Foundation, Torino, Italy

  18. 18

    Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

  19. 19

    National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Nutrition and Health, Bilthoven, The Netherlands

  20. 20

    Julius Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

  21. 21

    Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Asturias, Spain

  22. 22

    Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain

  23. 23

    Andalusian School of Public Health and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain

  24. 24

    Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Murcia, Spain

  25. 25

    Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

  26. 26

    Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa and CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, San Sebastian, Spain

  27. 27

    Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  28. 28

    Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  1. †

    Tel.: +44-(0)-1865-289647, Fax: +44-(0)-1865-289610

  2. ‡

    Deceased

*Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 22 FEB 2011
  2. Article first published online: 9 JUN 2010
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 17 MAY 2010
  4. Manuscript Received: 10 MAR 2010

Funded by

  • Europe Against Cancer Program of the European Commission (SANCO)
  • Danish Cancer Society
  • Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 3M Company, Institut National de la Santé
  • et de la Recherche Médicale
  • German Cancer Aid
  • German Cancer Research Centre
  • German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
  • Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare, and Sports
  • National Cancer Registry and the Regional Cancer Registries Amsterdam, Dutch Ministry of Health
  • Dutch Prevention Funds
  • LK Research Funds
  • Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland
  • East and Maastricht of the Netherlands
  • Norwegian Cancer Society
  • Norwegian Research Council
  • Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity
  • Hellenic Health Foundation
  • Stavros Niarchos Foundation
  • Italian Association for Research on Cancer
  • Italian National Research Council
  • Health Research Fund (FIS)
  • of the Spanish Ministry of Health
  • Spanish Regional Governments of Andalusia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra and ISCIII
  • Swedish Cancer Society
  • Swedish Scientific Council
  • Regional Government of Skane, Sweden
  • Cancer Research UK
  • Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
  • Stroke Association, United Kingdom
  • British Heart Foundation
  • Department of Health, United Kingdom
  • Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust, World Cancer Research Fund, United Kingdom, U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command. Grant Number: DAMD 17-01-0275
  • U.S. National Cancer Institute. Grant Number: U01 CA098216-01

SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

ARTICLE TOOLS

View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (303K)

Keywords:

  • hormone replacement therapy;
  • colorectal cancer;
  • cohort study

Abstract

Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) may influence colorectal cancer risk. A total of 136,275 postmenopausal women from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition were followed for an average of 9 years, during which time 1,186 colorectal cancers were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models stratified by center and age, and adjusted for body mass index, smoking, diabetes, physical activity and alcohol consumption. Compared to never use of HT at study enrolment, current use of estrogen-only (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.79–1.31) or estrogen plus progestin (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.77–1.14) was not significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, and these associations did not vary by recency, duration, route of administration, regimen or specific constituent of HT. Our results show no significant association of estrogen-only or estrogen plus progestin therapy with colorectal cancer risk.

View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (303K)