1556-6678/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=2675f67af9e150068fccf8ae7237293f78f404bb "Journal of Counseling & Development")
Kathleen E. Mitchell is a career counselor at City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Planned Happenstance: Constructing Unexpected Career Opportunities
Article first published online: 23 DEC 2011
DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02431.x
1999 American Counseling Association
Additional Information
How to Cite
Mitchell, K. E., Al Levin, S. and Krumboltz, J. D. (1999), Planned Happenstance: Constructing Unexpected Career Opportunities. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77: 115–124. doi: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.1999.tb02431.x
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Kathleen E. Mitchell is a career counselor at City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Al S. Levin is an assistant professor of counselor education at California State University, Sacramento.
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John D. Krumboltz is a professor of education and psychology at Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Publication History
- Issue published online: 23 DEC 2011
- Article first published online: 23 DEC 2011
- Abstract
- References
- Cited By
Chance plays an important role in everyone's career, but career counseling is still perceived as a process designed to eliminate chance from career decision making. Traditional career counseling interventions are no longer sufficient to prepare clients to respond to career uncertainties. Work world shifts challenge career counselors to adopt a counseling intervention that views unplanned events as both inevitable and desirable. Counselors need to teach clients to engage in exploratory activities to increase the probability that the clients will discover unexpected career opportunities. Unplanned events can become opportunities for learning.