Surface endotoxin contamination and hemocompatibility evaluation of materials

  1. Manfred F. Maitz1,*,
  2. Juliane Teichmann1,
  3. Claudia Sperling1,
  4. Carsten Werner1,2

Article first published online: 30 OCT 2008

DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31247

Issue

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials

Volume 90B, Issue 1, pages 18–25, July 2009

Additional Information

How to Cite

Maitz, M. F., Teichmann, J., Sperling, C. and Werner, C. (2009), Surface endotoxin contamination and hemocompatibility evaluation of materials. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, 90B: 18–25. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.31247

Author Information

  1. 1

    Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany

  2. 2

    Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

*Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 3 JUN 2009
  2. Article first published online: 30 OCT 2008
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 8 AUG 2008
  4. Manuscript Revised: 29 JUN 2008
  5. Manuscript Received: 1 FEB 2008

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Keywords:

  • endotoxin;
  • limulus test;
  • detergent;
  • haemocompatibility

Abstract

To evaluate the blood compatibility of new materials, a clear distinction between properties of the materials and effects due to surface contamination by adsorbed endotoxins is essential. This study compares direct contact approaches and elution methods with water, organic solvents, nonionic, and zwitterionic detergents for determination of surface-adsorbed endotoxin by the limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test and determines the blood compatibility of various surfaces with controlled endotoxin contamination in vitro. The LAL test in direct contact with an endotoxin-contaminated surface was concluded to be not practicable for most devices and its sensitivity showed a high dependence on surface characteristics. Among the elution methods, 0.2% Tween-20 showed most stable elution characteristics and appears therefore preferable. Biological reactions at in vitro blood exposure were found to be only minimally influenced by adsorbed endotoxin during the time window of 2 h, allowing for a straightforward discrimination between materials and endotoxin-dependent reactions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009

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