SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Peeling RW, Mabey DCW. Syphilis. Nat Med 2004;2:448449.
  • 2
    Tikhonova L, Salakhov E, Southwick K, Shakarishvili A, Ryan C, Hillis S for the Congenital Syphilis Investigation Team. Congenital syphilis in the Russian Federation: Magnitude, determinants, and consequences. Sex Transm Infect 2003;79:106110.
  • 3
    Watson-Jones D, Changalucha J, Gumodoka B, et al. Syphilis in pregnancy in Tanzania. I. Impact of maternal syphilis on outcome of pregnancy. J Infect Dis 2002;186:940947.
  • 4
    Greenblatt RM, Lukehart SA, Plummer FA, et al. Genital ulceration as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS 1988;2:4750.
  • 5
    Stamm WE, Handsfield H, Rompalo AM, Ashley RL, Roberts PL, Corey L. The association between genital ulcer disease and acquisition of HIV infection in homosexual men. J Am Med Assoc 1988;260:14291433.
  • 6
    Ashton M, Sopwith W, Clark P, McKelvey D, Lighton L, Mandal D. An outbreak no longer: Factors contributing to the return of syphilis in Greater Manchester. Sex Transm Infect 2003;79:291293.
  • 7
    Hopkins S, Lyons F, Coleman C, Courtney G, Bergin C, Mulcahy F. Resurgence in infectious syphilis in Ireland: An epidemiological study. Sex Transm Dis 2004;31:317321.
  • 8
    Hourihan M, Wheeler H, Houghton R, Goh BT. Lessons from the syphilis outbreak in homosexual men in east London. Sex Transm Infect 2004;80:509511.
  • 9
    Chen SY, Gibson S, Katz MH, et al. Continuing increases in sexual risk behavior and sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men: San Francisco, Calif., 1999–2001, USA. Am J Public Health 2002;92:13871388.
  • 10
    Larsen SA, Steiner BM, Rudolph AH. Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995;8:121.
  • 11
    Singh AE, Romanovsky B. Syphilis: Review with emphasis on clinical, epidemiological and some biologic features. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:187209.
  • 12
    Farshy CE, Hunter EF, Helsel LO, Larsen SA. Four-step enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of Treponema pallidum antibody. J Clin Microbiol 1985;21:387389.
  • 13
    Halling VW, Jones MF, Bestrom JE, et al. Clinical comparison of the Treponema pallidum CAPTIA-syphilis IgG enzyme immunoassay with the fluorescent treponemal absorption immunoglobulin G assay for syphilis testing. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37:32333234.
  • 14
    Schmidt BL, Edalalipur M, Luger A. Comparative evaluation of nine different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for determination of antibodies against Treponema pallidum in patients with primary syphilis. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:12791282.
  • 15
    Woznicová V, Valisová Z. Performance of CAPTIA SelectSyph-G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in syphilis testing of a high-risk population: Analysis of discordant results. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:17941797.
  • 16
    Castro R, Prieto ES, Santo I, Azevedo J, Exposto FdL. Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay technique for detection of antibodies against Treponema pallidum. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:250253.
  • 17
    Young H, Moyes A, McMillan A, Robertson DHH. Screening for treponemal infection by a new enzyme immunoassay. Genitourin Med 1989;65:7278.
  • 18
    Sambri V, Marangoni A, Simone MA, D'Antuono A, Negosanti M, Cevenini R. Evaluation of recomWell Treponema, a novel recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of syphilis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2001;7:200205.
  • 19
    Sambri V, Marangoni A, Eyer C, et al. Western immunoblotting with five Treponema pallidum recombinant antigens for serological diagnosis of syphilis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001;8:534539.
  • 20
    Zrein M, Maure I, Boursier F, Soufflet L. Recombinant antigen-based enzyme immunoassay for screening of Treponema pallidum antibodies in blood bank routine. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:525527.
  • 21
    Marangoni A, Sambri V, Accardo S, et al. Evaluation of LIAISON® Treponema Screen, a novel recombinant antigen-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2005;12:12311234.
  • 22
    Knight CS, Crum MA, Hardy RW. Evaluation of the LIAISON chemiluminescence immunoassay for diagnosis of syphilis. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007;14:710713.
  • 23
    Norris SJ, Larsen SA. 1995. Treponema and host-associated spirochetes. In: PRMurray, EJBaron, MAPfaller, FCTenover, RHVolken, editors. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, sixth edition. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology. p 636651.
  • 24
    Marangoni A, Sambri V, Olmo A, D'Antuono A, Negosanti M, Cevenini R. IgG Western blot as confirmatory test in early syphilis. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1999;289:125133.
  • 25
    Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature (London) 1970;227:680685.
  • 26
    Towbin H, Staehlin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979;76:43504354.
  • 27
    Giacani L, Sambri V, Marangoni A, et al. Immunological evaluation and cellular location analysis of the TprI antigen of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum. Infect. Immun. 2005;73:38173822.
  • 28
    Peeling RW, Mabey D, Herring A, Hook III EW. Why do we need quality-assured diagnostic tests for sexually transmitted infections? Nat Rev Microbiol 2006;9:909921.
  • 29
    Hook III EW, Peeling RW. Syphilis control—A continuing challenge. N Engl J Med 2004;351:122124.
  • 30
    Tridapalli E, Capretti MG, Sambri V, et al. Prenatal syphilis infection is a possible cause of preterm delivery among immigrant women from Eastern Europe. Sex Transm Infect 2007;83:102105.