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Research Article
Doppler evaluation of external iliac vein hemodynamic changes caused by lymphocele after lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer
Article first published online: 30 AUG 2006
DOI: 10.1002/jcu.20254
Copyright © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
1097-0096/asset/cover.gif?v=1&s=455966302377811d064e3877cbb3739b5cdefca4 "Journal of Clinical Ultrasound")
Additional Information
How to Cite
Bianek-Bodzak, A., Sliwinski, W. and Mielcarek, P. (2006), Doppler evaluation of external iliac vein hemodynamic changes caused by lymphocele after lymphadenectomy for cervical cancer. Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 34: 393–397. doi: 10.1002/jcu.20254
Publication History
- Issue published online: 30 AUG 2006
- Article first published online: 30 AUG 2006
- Manuscript Accepted: 2 MAY 2006
- Manuscript Received: 26 MAY 2004
- Abstract
- References
- Cited By
Keywords:
- pelvic lymphadenectomy;
- lymphocele;
- external iliac vein;
- compression;
- Doppler study;
- cervical cancer
Abstract
Purpose.
To use Doppler sonography to assess the hemodynamic changes in the external iliac vein (EIV) compressed by a pelvic lymphocele after pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with cervical cancer.
Materials and Methods.
Postoperative gray-scale and Doppler sonographic examinations were performed in 71 women after pelvic lymphadenectomy. Twenty healthy women served as controls. When present, the lymphocele was graded on a scale of 1 to 4 based on the percentage of the circumference of iliac vessels in contact with the lymphocele (ie, circumferential contiguity) (grade 1, 0–24%; grade 2, 25–49%; grade 3, 50–74%; grade 4, 75–100%), and in 3 groups according to its maximum diameter (group A, 1–40 mm; group B, 41–60 mm; group C, >60 mm). EIV velocity was measured, and waveform modulation by respiratory movements was analyzed.
Results.
There were 40 lymphoceles in 22 patients. The mean (±SD) EIV velocity was 24.5 ± 14.8 cm/s in the control group, 38.2 ± 5.9 cm/s in group 1, 69.2 ± 29.4 cm/s in group 2, 105.75 ± 12.36 cm/s in group 3, and 139.5 ± 33.79 cm/s in group 4. Spontaneous EIV blood flow could not be detected in 2 cases in the later group. EIV flow modulation was significantly lower in patients with greater lymphocele contiguity or diameter.
Conclusions.
Post–pelvic lymphadenectomy causes EIV extrinsic compression that results in upstream blood stasis, potentially increasing the risk for deep vein thrombosis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:393–397, 2006