Formation and function of the “Xestoleberis-spot” in Xestoleberis hanaii (Crustacea: Ostracoda)

Abstract

The crescent sculpture of the so-called “Xestoleberis-spot” develops inside the calcified valve of the family Xestoleberididae. Electron microscopic observations on both, intermoult and postmoult stages of Xestoleberis species reveal that the “Xestoleberis-spot” system consists of three elements; two calcified chambers, a vesicle of electron-dense material and an uncalcified procuticle. The formation and function of the “Xestoleberis-spot” system are discussed. In conclusion, the “Xestoleberis-spot” system functions as the muscle attachment site for several antennal muscles, and provides the material for chitinous fibers in the exocuticle of outer lamella. The unique cuticular structures of the family Xestoleberididae are due to the “Xestoleberis-spot” system.