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Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma†

  1. Philip L. Gibbard1,*,
  2. Martin J. Head2,
  3. Michael J. C. Walker3,4

Article first published online: 22 SEP 2009

DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1338

Issue

Journal of Quaternary Science

Journal of Quaternary Science

Volume 25, Issue 2, pages 96–102, February 2010

Additional Information

How to Cite

Gibbard, P. L., Head, M. J. and Walker, M. J. C. (2010), Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science, 25: 96–102. doi: 10.1002/jqs.1338

Author Information

  1. 1

    Cambridge Quaternary, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

  2. 2

    Department of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada

  3. 3

    Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Wales, Lampeter, UK

  4. 4

    Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK

*Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK.

  1. †

    Gibbard, P. L., Head, M. J., Walker, M. J. C. and the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. J. Quaternary Sci., Vol. 25 pp. 96–102. ISSN 0267-8179.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 20 JAN 2010
  2. Article first published online: 22 SEP 2009
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 2 AUG 2009
  4. Manuscript Received: 31 JUL 2009

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Keywords:

  • Quaternary;
  • Pleistocene;
  • Gelasian;
  • Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP);
  • Quaternary/Pleistocene lower boundary

Abstract

In June 2009, the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) formally ratified a proposal by the International Commission on Stratigraphy to lower the base of the Quaternary System/Period to the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Gelasian Stage/Age at Monte San Nicola, Sicily, Italy. The Gelasian until then had been the uppermost stage of the Pliocene Series/Epoch. The base of the Gelasian corresponds to Marine Isotope Stage 103, and has an astronomically tuned age of 2.58 Ma. A proposal that the base of the Pleistocene Series/Epoch be lowered to coincide with that of the Quaternary (the Gelasian GSSP) was also accepted by the IUGS Executive Committee. The GSSP at Vrica, Calabria, Italy, which had hitherto defined the basal boundary of both the Quaternary and the Pleistocene, remains available as the base of the Calabrian Stage/Age (now the second stage of the revised Pleistocene). In ratifying these proposals, the IUGS has acknowledged the distinctive qualities of the Quaternary by reaffirming it as a full system/period, correctly complied with the hierarchical requirements of the geological timescale by lowering the base of the Pleistocene to that of the Quaternary, and fully respected the historical and widespread current usage of both the terms ‘Quaternary’ and ‘Pleistocene’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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