Research Article

Optimization of extraction of phenolic content from hazelnut shell using response surface methodology

  1. Caroline Stévigny1,2,
  2. Luca Rolle1,*,
  3. Nadia Valentini3,
  4. Giuseppe Zeppa1

Article first published online: 24 OCT 2007

DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2994

Issue

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture

Volume 87, Issue 15, pages 2817–2822, December 2007

Additional Information

How to Cite

Stévigny, C., Rolle, L., Valentini, N. and Zeppa, G. (2007), Optimization of extraction of phenolic content from hazelnut shell using response surface methodology. J. Sci. Food Agric., 87: 2817–2822. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2994

Author Information

  1. 1

    DIVAPRA Sezione Industrie Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy

  2. 2

    Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, de Bromatologie et de Nutrition Humaine (CP 205/9), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

  3. 3

    Dipartimento di Colture Arboree, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy

*DIVAPRA Sezione Industrie Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 9 NOV 2007
  2. Article first published online: 24 OCT 2007
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 5 APR 2007
  4. Manuscript Revised: 21 MAR 2007
  5. Manuscript Received: 11 AUG 2006

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Keywords:

  • Corylus avellana L.;
  • by-product valorization;
  • hazelnut shell;
  • phenolic extraction;
  • CCD;
  • RSM

Abstract

Response surface methodology was applied to predict the optimum conditions for extraction of phenolic compounds in hazelnut shell. The phenolic content in the shell extract was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and expressed as gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE g−1). Two central composite designs were used to investigate the effects of two independent variables, namely solvent composition (%) and extraction time (min), on phenolic extraction. In a first series of repeated batch extractions, the solvent consisted of different methanol percentages in distilled water at pH 4, while in a second series methanol was substituted by ethanol. The highest phenolic content (6.67 mg GAE g−1 of shell) was predicted at the extraction conditions of 55.7% ethanol and 108.7 min. These best conditions, obtained and applied to 13 different cultivars, showed values varying from 9.18 mg GAE g−1 of shell for Barcelona to 3.00 mg GAE g−1 of shell for Tonda di Giffoni. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

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