Review

Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology

  1. J. Thomas1,*,
  2. C. Voigtläander1,
  3. R.G. Becker1,
  4. D. Richter1,
  5. A. Tünnermann1,2,
  6. S. Nolte1,2

Article first published online: 8 FEB 2012

DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201100033

Additional Information

How to Cite

Thomas, J., Voigtläander, C., Becker, R.G., Richter, D., Tünnermann, A. and Nolte, S. (2012), Femtosecond pulse written fiber gratings: a new avenue to integrated fiber technology. Laser & Photon. Rev.. doi: 10.1002/lpor.201100033

Author Information

  1. 1

    Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany

  2. 2

    Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany

*Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany

Publication History

  1. Article first published online: 8 FEB 2012
  2. Manuscript Accepted: 31 OCT 2011
  3. Manuscript Revised: 17 SEP 2011
  4. Manuscript Received: 19 JUL 2011

Funded by

  • German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Grant Number: 13N9687
  • German Research Foundation (DFG). Grant Number: Leibniz program

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Keywords:

  • Ultrashort phenomena;
  • fiber Bragg gratings;
  • long period fiber gratings;
  • coupled mode theory;
  • fiber laser;
  • sensing.

Abstract

The use of ultrashort laser pulses for fiber grating inscription has many advantages in comparison to continuous wave and long pulse lasers. The most important one is that it allows inscription in nonphotosensitive fiber materials. In this paper the principal inscription techniques and the physical properties of femtosecond (fs) pulse written in-fiber gratings are reviewed. The role of focusing and order walk-off on the inscribed structures is emphasized. A fs pulse written fiber Bragg grating (FBG) also has a unique coupling behavior, due to a refractive index change that is independent from the fiber geometry. Selected applications of such gratings for sensing and fiber lasers are discussed.

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