Clinical Report

You have free access to this content

Blue and red light combination LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris in patients with skin phototype IV

  1. Seung Yoon Lee MD,
  2. Chung Eui You MD,
  3. Mi Youn Park MD, PhD*

Article first published online: 16 NOV 2006

DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20412

Issue

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine

Special Issue: Dermatologic Laser Surgery

Volume 39, Issue 2, pages 180–188, February 2007

Additional Information

How to Cite

Lee, S. Y., You, C. E. and Park, M. Y. (2007), Blue and red light combination LED phototherapy for acne vulgaris in patients with skin phototype IV. Lasers Surg. Med., 39: 180–188. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20412

Author Information

  1. Department of Dermatology, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea

*Department of Dermatology, National Medical Center, 18-79 Euljiro 6-ga, Jung-ku, Seoul 100-799, Republic of Korea.

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 20 FEB 2007
  2. Article first published online: 16 NOV 2006
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 22 AUG 2006

SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

ARTICLE TOOLS

Get PDF (275K)

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Leyden JJ. Therapy for acne vulgaris. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 1156–1162.
  • 2
    Mulder MMS, Sigurdsson V, van Zuuren EJ, Klaassen EJ, Faber JAJ, de Wit JBF, et al. Psychosocial impact of acne vulgaris. Evaluation of the relation between a change in clinical acne severity and psychosocial state. Dermatology 2001; 203: 124–130.
  • 3
    Burton JL, Cunliffe WJ, Stafford I, Shuster S. The prevalence of acne vulgaris in adolescence. Br J Dermatol 1971; 85: 119–126.
    Direct Link:
  • 4
    Pawin H, Beylot C, Chivot M, Faure M, Poli F, Revuz J, et al. Physiopathology of acne vulgaris: Recent data, new understanding of the treatments. Eur J Dermatol 2004; 14: 4–12.
  • 5
    Longshore SJ, Hollandsworth K. Acne vulgaris: One treatment does not fit all. Cleve Clin J Med 2003; 70: 672–674.
  • 6
    Gollnick HP, Krautheim A. Topical treatment in acne: Current status and future aspects. Dermatology 2003; 206: 29–36.
  • 7
    Eady EA, Jones CE, Tipper JL, et al. Antibiotic resistant propionibacteria in acne: Need for policies to modify antibiotic usage. BMJ 1993; 306: 555–556.
  • 8
    Eady EA. Bacterial resistance in acne. Dermatology 1998; 196: 59–66.
  • 9
    Coates P, Vyakrnam S, Eady EA, Jones CE, Cove JH, Cunliffe WJ. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant propionibacteria on the skin of acne patients: 10-year surveillance data and snapshot distribution study. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 840–848.
    Direct Link:
  • 10
    Cooper AJ. Systemic review of Propionibacterium acnes resistance to systemic antibiotics. Med J Aust 1998; 169: 259–261.
  • 11
    Stern RS. When a uniquely effective drug is teratogenic: The case of isotretinoin. New Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1007–1009.
  • 12
    Hull PR, D'Arcy C. Isotretinoin use and subsequent depression and suicide: Presenting the evidence. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4: 493–505.
  • 13
    Kaminsky A. Less common methods to treat acne. Dermatology 2003; 206: 68–73.
  • 14
    Charakida A, Seaton ED, Charakida M, Mouser P, Avgerinos A, Chu AC. Phototherapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris: What is its role? Am J Clin Dermatol 2004; 5: 211–216.
  • 15
    Kjeldstad B, Johnsson A. An action spectrum for blue and near ultraviolet inactivation of Propionibacterium acnes; with emphasis on a possible porphyrin photosensitization. Photochem Photobiol 1986; 43: 67–70.
    Direct Link:
  • 16
    Sigurdsson V, Knulst AC, van Weelden H. Phototherapy of acne vulgaris with visible light. Dermatology 1997; 194: 256–260.
  • 17
    Cunliffe WJ, Goulden V. Phototherapy and acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2000; 412: 855–856.
    Direct Link:
  • 18
    Elman M, Lebzelter J. Light therapy in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Dermatol Surg 2004; 30: 139–146.
    Direct Link:
  • 19
    Ross EV. Optical treatments for acne. Dermatol Ther 2005; 18: 253–266.
    Direct Link:
  • 20
    Bhardwaj SS, Rohrer TE, Arndt K. Lasers and light therapy for acne vulgaris. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2005; 24: 107–112.
  • 21
    Arakane K, Ryu A, Hayashi C, Masunaga T, Shinmoto K, Mashiko S, et al. Singlet oxygen (1 delta g) generation from coproporphyrin in Propionibacterium acnes on irradiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 223: 578–582.
  • 22
    Ashkenazi H, Malik Z, Harth Y, Nitzan Y. Eradication of Propionibacterium acnes by its endogenic porphyrins after illumination with high intensity blue light. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2003; 35: 17–24.
    Direct Link:
  • 23
    Futsaether CM, Kjeldstad B, Johnsson A. Intracellular pH changes induced in Propionibacterium acnesby UVA radiation and blue light. J Photochem Photobiol B 1995; 31: 125–131.
  • 24
    Papageorgiou P, Katsambas A, Chu A. Phototherapy with blue (415 nm) and red (660 nm) light in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 2000; 142: 973–978.
    Direct Link:
  • 25
    Ammad S, Edwards C, Gonzalez M, Mills CM. The effect of blue light phototherapy on mild to moderate acne. Br J Dermatol 2002; 147(Suppl. 62): 95.
  • 26
    Kawada A, Aragane Y, Kameyama H, Sangen Y, Tezuka T. Acne phototherapy with a high-intensity, enhanced, narrow-band, blue light source: An open study and in vitro investigation. J Dermatol Sci 2002; 30: 129–135.
  • 27
    Elman M, Slatkine M, Harth Y. The effective treatment of acne vulgaris by a high-intensity, narrow band 405–420 nm light source. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2003; 5: 111–116.
  • 28
    Tzung TY, Wu KH, Huang ML. Blue light phototherapy in the treatment of acne. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2004; 20: 266–269.
    Direct Link:
  • 29
    Omi T, Bjerring P, Sato S, Kawada S, Hankins RW, Honda M. 420 nm intense continuous light therapy for acne. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2004; 6: 156–162.
  • 30
    Morton CA, Scholefield RD, Whitehurst C, Birch J. An open study to determine the efficacy of blue light in the treatment of mild to moderate acne. J Dermatol Surg 2005; 16: 219–223.
  • 31
    Gold MH, Rao J, Goldman MP, Bridges TM, Bradshaw VL, Boring MM, et al. A multicenter clinical evaluation of the treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris of the face with visible blue light in comparison to topical 1% clindamycin antibiotic solution. J Drugs Dermatol 2005; 4: 64–70.
  • 32
    Leyden JJ, McGinley KJ, Mills OH, Kligman AM. Propionibacterium levels in patients with and without acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 1975; 65: 382–384.
  • 33
    Cornelius CE III, Ludwig GD. Red fluorescence of comedones: Production of porphyrins by Corynebacterium acnes. J Invest Dermatol 1967; 49: 368–370.
  • 34
    Lee WL, Shalita AR, Poh-Fitzpatrick MB. Comparative studies of porphyrins production in Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum. J Bacteriol 1978; 133: 811–815.
  • 35
    Young S, Bolton P, Dyson M, Harvey W, Diamantopoulos C. Macrophage responsiveness to light therapy. Lasers Surg Med 1989; 9: 497–505.
    Direct Link:
  • 36
    Lam TS, Abergel RP, Meeker CA, Castel JC, Dwyer RM, Uitto J. Laser stimulation of collagen synthesis in human skin fibroblast cultures. Laser Life Sci 1986; 1: 61–77.
  • 37
    Schindl A, Schindl M, Schön H, Knobler R, Havelec L, Schindl L. Low-intensity laser irradiation improves skin circulation in patients with diabetic microangiopathy. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 580–584.
  • 38
    Karu TI. Photobiological fundamentals of low-power laser therapy. J Quantum Electron 1987; 23: 1703–1717.
  • 39
    Karu T. Primary and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation on cells. J Photochem Photobiol B 1999; 49: 1–17.
  • 40
    Stadler I, Evans R, Kolb B, Naim JO, Narayan V, Buehner N, et al. Invitro effects of low-level laser irradiation at 660 nm on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lasers Surg Med 2000; 27: 255–261.
    Direct Link:
  • 41
    Yu W, Naim JO, Lanzafame RJ. Effects of photostimulation on wound healing in diabetic mice. Lasers Surg Med 1997; 20: 56–63.
    Direct Link:
  • 42
    Yu W, Naim JO, Lanzafame RJ. The effect of laser irradiation on the release of bFGF from 3T3 fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 1994; 59: 167–170.
    Direct Link:
  • 43
    Whelan HT, Smits RL, Jr., Buchman EV, Whelan NT, Turner SG, Margolis DA, et al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001; 19: 305–314.
  • 44
    Whelan HT, Connelly JF, Hodgson BD, Barbeau L, Post AC, Bullard G, et al. NASA light-emitting diodes for the prevention of oral mucositis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2002; 20: 319– 324.
  • 45
    Whelan HT, Buchman EV, Dhokalia A, Kane MP, Whelan NT, Wong-Riley MT, et al. Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on molecular changes for wound healing in diabetic mice. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2003; 21: 67–74.
  • 46
    Weiss RA, Weiss MA, Beasley KL, Munavalli G. Our approach to non-ablative treatment of photoaging. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 37: 2–8.
    Direct Link:
  • 47
    Weiss RA, McDaniel DH, Geronemus RG, Weiss MA. Clinical trial of a novel non-thermal LED array for reversal of photoaging: Clinical, histologic, and surface profilometric results. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 36: 85–91.
    Direct Link:
  • 48
    Weiss RA, McDaniel DH, Geronemus RG, Weiss MA, Beasley KL, Munavalli GM, et al. Clinical experience with light-emitting diode (LED) photomodulation. Lasers Surg Med 2005; 31: 1199–1205.
  • 49
    Weiss RA, Weiss MA, Geronemus RG, McDaniel DH. A novel non-thermal non-ablative full panel LED photomodulation device for reversal of photoaging: Digital microscopic and clinical results in various skin types. J Drugs Dermatol 2004; 3: 605–610.
  • 50
    Russell BA, Kellett N, Reilly LR. A study to determine the efficacy of combination LED light therapy (633 nm and 830 nm) in facial skin rejuvenation. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2005; 7: 196–200.
  • 51
    Webster GF. Inflammation in acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995; 33: 247–253.
  • 52
    Nitzan Y, Kauffman M. Endogenous porphyrin production in bacteria by δ-aminolevulinic acid and subsequent bacterial photoeradication. Lasers Med Sci 1999; 14: 269–277.
  • 53
    Iinuma S, Farshi SS, Ortel B, Hasan T. A mechanistic study of cellular photodestruction with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced porphyrin. Br J Cancer 1994; 79: 21–28.
  • 54
    Ramstad S, Futsacther CM, Johnson A. Porphyrin sensitization and intracellular calcium changes in the prokaryote, Propionibacterium acnes. J Photochem Photobiol B 1997; 40: 141–148.
  • 55
    Hongcharu W, Taylor CR, Chang Y, Aghassi D, Suthamjariya K, Anderson RR. Topical ALA-photodynamic therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115: 183–192.
  • 56
    Itoh Y, Ninomiya Y, Tajima S, Ishibashi A. Photodynamic therapy for acne vulgaris with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid. Arch Dermatol 2000; 136: 1093–1095.
  • 57
    Itoh Y, Ninomiya Y, Tajina S, Ishibashi A. Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris with topical δ-aminolevulinic acid and incoherent light in Japanese patients. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144: 575–579.
    Direct Link:
  • 58
    Pollock B, Turner D, Stringer M, Bojar RA, Goulden V, Stables GI, et al. Topical aminolaevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris: A study of clinical efficacy and mechanism of action. Br J Dermatol 2004; 151: 616–622.
    Direct Link:
  • 59
    Hong SB, Lee MH. Topical aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2005; 21: 322–325.
    Direct Link:
  • 60
    Uebelhoer NS, Dover JS. Photodynamic therapy for cosmetic applications. Dermatol Ther 2005; 18: 242–252.
    Direct Link:
  • 61
    Morton CA, Brown SB, Collins S, Ibbotson S, Jenkinson H, Kurwa H, et al. Guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy: Report of a workshop of the British photodermatology group. Br J Dermatol 2002; 146: 552–567.
    Direct Link:
  • 62
    Gupta AD, Ryder JE. Photodynamic therapy and topical aminolevulinic acid. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4: 699–708.
  • 63
    Webster GF, Leyden JJ, Tsai CC, Bachni R, McArthur WP. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte liposomal release in response to Propionibacterium acnes and its enhancement by sera from inflammatory acne patients. J Invest Dermatol 1986; 74: 398–401.
  • 64
    Vowels B, Yang S, Leyden JJ. Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of Propionibacterium acnes: Implications to chronic inflammatory acne. Infect Immunol 1995; 63: 3158–3165.
  • 65
    Callender VD. Considerations for treating acne in ethnic skin. Cutis 2005; 76: 19–23.
  • 66
    Grimes P, Callender V. Tazarotene cream for postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and acne vulgaris in darker skin: A double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study. Cutis 2006; 77: 45–50.
  • 67
    Elman M, Lask G. The role of pulsed light and heat energy (LHE™) in acne clearance. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2004; 6: 91–95.
  • 68
    Prieto VG, Zhang PS, Sadick NS. Evaluation of pulsed light and radiofrequency combined for the treatment of acne vulgaris with histologic analysis of facial skin biopsies. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2005; 7: 63–68.
  • 69
    Ruiz-Esparza J, Gomez JB. Nonablative radiofrequency for active acne vulgaris: The use of deep dermal heat in the treatment of moderate to severe active acne vulgaris (thermotherapy): A report of 22 patients. Dermatol Surg 2003; 29: 333–339.
    Direct Link:
  • 70
    Paithankar DY, Ross EV, Saleh BA, Blair MA, Graham BS. Acne treatment with a 1,450 nm wavelength laser and cryogen spray cooling. Lasers Surg Med 2002; 31: 106–114.
    Direct Link:
Get PDF (275K)