Research Article

Fractionation of polyphenol-enriched apple juice extracts to identify constituents with cancer chemopreventive potential

  1. Henriette Zessner1,
  2. Lydia Pan2,
  3. Frank Will3,
  4. Karin Klimo2,
  5. Jutta Knauft2,
  6. Regina Niewöhner2,
  7. Wolfgang Hümmer4,
  8. Robert Owen2,
  9. Elke Richling5,
  10. Norbert Frank2,
  11. Peter Schreier4,
  12. Hans Becker1,
  13. Clarissa Gerhauser

Article first published online: 8 APR 2008

DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700317

Issue

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

Supplement: Natural Products and Dietary Prevention of Cancer

Volume 52, Issue Supplement 1, pages S28–S44, June 2008

Additional Information

How to Cite

Zessner, H., Pan, L., Will, F., Klimo, K., Knauft, J., Niewöhner, R., Hümmer, W., Owen, R., Richling, E., Frank, N., Schreier, P., Becker, H. and Gerhauser, C. (2008), Fractionation of polyphenol-enriched apple juice extracts to identify constituents with cancer chemopreventive potential. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 52: S28–S44. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700317

Author Information

  1. 1

    Former Division of Pharmacognosy and Analytical Phytochemistry, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany

  2. 2

    Division of Toxicology and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Fax: +49-6221-42-33-59

  3. 3

    Geisenheim Research Center, Department of Wine Analysis and Beverage Research, Geisenheim, Germany

  4. 4

    Chair of Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

  5. 5

    Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 19 JUN 2008
  2. Article first published online: 8 APR 2008
  3. Manuscript Revised: 5 OCT 2007
  4. Manuscript Received: 10 AUG 2007

Funded by

  • German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

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Keywords:

  • Apple juice;
  • Aromatase;
  • Epicatechin;
  • Fractionation;
  • Phloridzin

Abstract

Apples and apple juices are widely consumed and rich sources of phytochemicals. The aim of the present study was to determine which apple constituents contribute to potential chemopreventive activities, using a bioactivity-directed approach. A polyphenol-enriched apple juice extract was fractionated by various techniques. Extract and fractions were tested in a series of test systems indicative of cancer preventive potential. These test systems measured antioxidant effects, modulation of carcinogen metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antihormonal activities, and antiproliferative potential. Regression analyses indicated that 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging potential correlated with the sum of low molecular weight (LMW) antioxidants (including chlorogenic acid, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols) and procyanidins, whereas peroxyl radicals were more effectively scavenged by LMW compounds than by procyanidins. Quercetin aglycone was identified as a potent Cyp1A inhibitor, whereas phloretin and (–)-epicatechin were the most potent cyclooxygenase 1 (Cox-1) inhibitors. Aromatase and Cyp1A inhibitory potential and cytotoxicity toward HCT116 colon cancer cells increased with increasing content in procyanidins. Overall, apple juice constituents belonging to different structural classes have distinct profiles of biological activity in these in vitro test systems. Since carcinogenesis is a complex process, combination of compounds with complementary activities may lead to enhanced preventive effects.

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