Is Foster's reactance theorem satisfied in double-negative and single-negative media?†

  1. Nader Engheta

Article first published online: 5 AUG 2003

DOI: 10.1002/mop.11111

Issue

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

Volume 39, Issue 1, pages 11–14, 5 October 2003

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How to Cite

Engheta, N. (2003), Is Foster's reactance theorem satisfied in double-negative and single-negative media?. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., 39: 11–14. doi: 10.1002/mop.11111

Author Information

  1. University of Pennsylvania, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6390

  1. †

    A portion of this work was presented and appeared in the CD of the XXVII General Assembly of International Union of Radio Science (URSI GA '02), Maastricht, The Netherlands, 2002 [13].

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 5 AUG 2003
  2. Article first published online: 5 AUG 2003
  3. Manuscript Received: 2 APR 2003

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Keywords:

  • composite materials;
  • negative permittivity;
  • metamaterials

Abstract

In this paper, we address the issue of Foster's reactance theorem for the material media in which one or both of the material parameters ε and μ may possess negative real parts. We demonstrate that this theorem is indeed satisfied for a one-port termination filled with a lossless metamaterial with negative real permittivity and permeability, known as a double-negative (DNG) medium, or with a lossless metamaterial with either negative real permittivity or negative real permeability, which can be called a single-negative (SNG) medium. However, in the case of DNG media when the reactive input impedance of such a termination is compared with that of its counterpart filled with a conventional lossless double-positive (DPS) material, it is found that the two reactances have opposite signs. Similar conclusions can be made for a termination filled with a lossless epsilon-negative (ENG) material when it is compared with that of its mu-negative (MNG) counterpart. Therefore, if a one-port termination filled with a lossless DPS or ENG material possesses inductive input reactance, when the same termination is filled instead with a lossless DNG or MNG material, its input reactance may be capacitive. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 11–14, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11111

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