Review Article

Rhabdomyolysis: A review

  1. Jason D. Warren BMedSc, MB, BS, FRACP1,
  2. Peter C. Blumbergs MB, BS, FRACP2,
  3. Philip D. Thompson MB, BS, PhD, FRACP1,3,*

Article first published online: 31 JAN 2002

DOI: 10.1002/mus.10053

Issue

Muscle & Nerve

Muscle & Nerve

Volume 25, Issue 3, pages 332–347, March 2002

Additional Information

How to Cite

Warren, J. D., Blumbergs, P. C. and Thompson, P. D. (2002), Rhabdomyolysis: A review. Muscle Nerve, 25: 332–347. doi: 10.1002/mus.10053

Author Information

  1. 1

    Department of Neurology, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

  2. 2

    Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

  3. 3

    Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia

*Department of Neurology, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 19 FEB 2002
  2. Article first published online: 31 JAN 2002
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 17 OCT 2001

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Keywords:

  • fatty acid oxidation disorders;
  • hyperthermic syndromes;
  • metabolic myopathy;
  • rhabdomyolysis

Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis, a syndrome of skeletal muscle breakdown with leakage of muscle contents, is frequently accompanied by myoglobinuria, and if sufficiently severe, acute renal failure with potentially life-threatening metabolic derangements may ensue. A diverse spectrum of inherited and acquired disorders affecting muscle membranes, membrane ion channels, and muscle energy supply causes rhabdomyolysis. Common final pathophysiological mechanisms among these causes of rhabdomyolysis include an uncontrolled rise in free intracellular calcium and activation of calcium-dependent proteases, which lead to destruction of myofibrils and lysosomal digestion of muscle fiber contents. Recent advances in molecular genetics and muscle enzyme histochemistry may enable a specific metabolic diagnosis in many patients with idiopathic recurrent rhabdomyolysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002

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