Research Article

Hysteresis in the electromyography–force relationship: Toward an optimal model for the estimation of force

  1. Ernest Nlandu Kamavuako PhD*,
  2. Jakob Celander Rosenvang MSc

Article first published online: 19 SEP 2012

DOI: 10.1002/mus.23393

Issue

Muscle & Nerve

Muscle & Nerve

Volume 46, Issue 5, pages 755–758, November 2012

Additional Information

How to Cite

Kamavuako, E. N. and Rosenvang, J. C. (2012), Hysteresis in the electromyography–force relationship: Toward an optimal model for the estimation of force. Muscle Nerve, 46: 755–758. doi: 10.1002/mus.23393

Author Information

  1. Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark

*Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 10 OCT 2012
  2. Article first published online: 19 SEP 2012
  3. Accepted manuscript online: 27 MAR 2012 06:03AM EST
  4. Manuscript Accepted: 19 MAR 2012

Funded by

  • Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (Council for Independent Research, Technology and Production Sciences). Grant Number: 10-080813

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Keywords:

  • grasping force;
  • hysteresis;
  • intramuscular EMG;
  • path dependency;
  • surface EMG

Abstract

Introduction:

In this study we analyzed the presence of hysteresis in the relationship between features of electromyography (EMG) and force.

Methods:

Intramuscular EMG and surface EMG (sEMG) were recorded concurrently from the flexor digitorum profundus muscle from 0% to 100% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 11 subjects. Two features, mean absolute value (MAV) and Wilson amplitude (WAMP), were computed using either the first-order (poly1) or third-order (poly3) polynomial.

Results:

We detected hysteresis in the EMG–force relationship for both features in all subjects. In general, the hysteresis-based models performed better than the overall model (which does not take into account the hysteresis in the EMG–force relationship), with R2 values about 0.98 (averaged across subjects) and root mean square error around 5% of the MVC force.

Conclusion:

These results imply the existence of a path-dependent model, which may improve the accuracy of force estimation. Muscle Nerve, 2012

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