Review Article

You have free access to this content

High b-value q-space analyzed diffusion-weighted MRS and MRI in neuronal tissues – a technical review

  1. Yoram Cohen1,*,
  2. Yaniv Assaf1,2

Article first published online: 5 DEC 2002

DOI: 10.1002/nbm.778

Issue

NMR in Biomedicine

NMR in Biomedicine

Special Issue: Diffusion tensor imaging and axonal mapping - state of the art

Volume 15, Issue 7-8, pages 516–542, November - December 2002

Additional Information

How to Cite

Cohen, Y. and Assaf, Y. (2002), High b-value q-space analyzed diffusion-weighted MRS and MRI in neuronal tissues – a technical review. NMR Biomed., 15: 516–542. doi: 10.1002/nbm.778

Author Information

  1. 1

    School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel

  2. 2

    Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel

*School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel

Publication History

  1. Issue published online: 5 DEC 2002
  2. Article first published online: 5 DEC 2002
  3. Manuscript Accepted: 10 FEB 2002
  4. Manuscript Revised: 25 DEC 2001
  5. Manuscript Received: 16 MAY 2001

Funded by

  • United States–Israel Binational and Foundation 97-00346

SEARCH

SEARCH BY CITATION

ARTICLE TOOLS

View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (923K)

REFERENCES

  • 1
    Stark DD, Bradley WG. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3rd edn. Mosby: St Louis, Mo, 1999.
  • 2
    Norris DG. The effects of microscopic tissue parameters on the diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging experiment. NMR Biomed. 2001; 14: 77–93.
    Direct Link:
  • 3
    Le Bihan D, Berton E, Lallemand D, Grenier P, Cabanis E, Laval-Jeantet M. MR imaging of intravoxel incoherent motions: application to diffusion and perfusion in neurologic disorders. Radiology 1986; 161: 401–407.
  • 4
    Le Bihan D, Breton E, Lallemand D, Aubin ML, Vignaud J, Laval-Jeantet M. Separation of diffusion and perfusion in intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging. Radiology 1988; 168: 497–505.
  • 5
    Moseley ME, Cohen Y, Mintorovitch J, Chileuitt L, Shimizu H, Kucharczyk J, Wendland MF, Weinstein PR. Early detection of regional cerebral ischemia in cats-comparison of diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted MRI and spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Med. 1990; 14: 330–346.
    Direct Link:
  • 6
    Minematsu K, Li L, Fisher M, Sotak CH, Davis MA, Fiandaca MS. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for rapid and quantitative detection of focal brain ischemia. Neurology 1992; 42: 235–240.
  • 7
    Busza AL, Allen KL, King MD, van Bruggen N, Williams SR, Gadian DG. Diffusion weighted imaging studies of cerebral ischemia in gerbils—potential relevance to energy failure. Stroke 1992; 23: 1602–1162.
  • 8
    Mintorovitch J, Moseley ME, Chileuitt L, Shimizu H, Cohen Y, Weinstein PR. Comparison of diffusion-weighted and T2-weighted MRI for the early detection of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats. Magn. Reson. Med. 1991; 18: 39–50.
    Direct Link:
  • 9
    van Bruggen N, Cullen BM, King MD, Doran M, Williams SR, Gadian DG, Cremer JE. T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of a focal ischemic lesion in rat brain. Stroke 1992; 23: 576–582.
  • 10
    Neumann-Haefelin T, Kastrup A, de Crespigny A, Yenary MA, Ringer T, Sun GH, Moseley ME. Serial MRI after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats—dynamics of tissue injury, blood–brain barrier, and edema formation. Stroke 2000; 31: 1965–1972.
  • 11
    Hossmann KA, Hoehn-Berlage M. Diffusion and perfusion MR imaging of cerebral ischemia. Cerebrovas. Brain Metab. 1995; 7: 187–217.
  • 12
    Hoehn-Berlage M. Diffusion-weighted NMR imaging: application to experimental focal cerebral ischemia. NMR Biomed. 1995; 8: 345–358.
    Direct Link:
  • 13
    Schaefer PW, Grant PE, Gonzalez RG. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 2000; 217: 331–345.
  • 14
    Decanniere C, Eleff S, Davis D, Zijl PCM van. Correlation of rapid changes in the average water diffusion constant and the concentrations of lactate and ATP breakdown products during global ischemia in cat brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 1995; 34: 343–352.
    Direct Link:
  • 15
    Nicolay K, Braun KPJ, Graaf RA de, Dijkhuizen RM, Kruiskamp MJ. Diffusion NMR spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 2001; 14: 94–111.
    Direct Link:
  • 16
    Eis M, Els T, Hoehn-Berlage M. High-resolution quantitative relaxation and diffusion MRI of 3 different experimental brain tumors in rat. Magn. Reson. Med. 1995; 34: 835–844.
    Direct Link:
  • 17
    Assaf Y, Holokovsky A, Berman E, Shapira Y, Shohami E, Cohen Y. Diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging following closed head injury in rats. J. Neurotrauma 1999; 16: 1165–1176.
  • 18
    Alsop DC, Murai H, Detre JA, McIntosh TK, Smith DH. Detection of acute pathologic changes following experimental traumatic brain injury using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurotrauma 1996; 13: 515–521.
  • 19
    Ahrens ET, Laidlaw DH, Readhead C, Brosnan CF, Fraser SE, Jacobs RE. MR microscopy of transgenic mice that spontaneously acquire experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Magn. Reson. Med. 1998; 40: 119–132.
    Direct Link:
  • 20
    Takano K, Latour LL, Formato JE, Carano RAD, Helmer KG, Hasegawa Y, Sotak CH, Fisher M. The role of spreading depression in focal ischemia evaluated by diffusion mapping. Ann. Neurol. 1996; 39: 308–318.
    Direct Link:
  • 21
    Cercigani M, Iannuci G, Rocca MA, Comi G, Horsfield MA, Filippi M. Pathologic damage in MS assessed by diffusion-weighted and magnetization transfer MRI. Neurology 2000; 54: 1139–1144.
  • 22
    Ono J, Harada K, Takahashi M, Maeda M, Ikenaka K, Sakurai K, Sakai N, Kagawa T, Fritzzieroth B, Nagai T, Nihei A, Hashimoto S, Okada S. Differentiation between dysmyelination and demyelination using magnetic-resonance diffusional anisotropy. Brain Res. 1995; 671: 141–148.
  • 23
    Moseley ME, Cohen Y, Kucharczyk J, Mintorovitch J, Asgari HS, Wendland MF, Tsuruda J, Norman D. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of anisotropic water diffusion in cat central nervous system. Radiology 1990; 176: 439–445.
  • 24
    Chenevert TL, Brunberg JA, Pipe JG. Anisotropic diffusion in human white matter—demonstration with MR techniques in-vivo. Radiology 1990; 177: 401–405.
  • 25
    Basser PJ, Mattiello J, LeBihan D. MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging. Biophys. J. 1994; 66: 259–267.
  • 26
    Basser PJ, Pierpaoli C. A simplified method to measure the diffusion tensor from seven MR images. Magn. Reson. Med. 1998; 39: 928–934.
    Direct Link:
  • 27
    Basser PJ, Pajevic S, Pierpaoli C, Duda J, Aldroubi A. In vivo tractography using DT-MRI data. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 44: 625–632.
    Direct Link:
  • 28
    Bammer R, Augustin M, Strasser-Fuchs S, Seifert T, Kapeller P, Stollberger R, Ebner F, Hartung HP, Fazekas F. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging for characterizing diffuse and focal white matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 44: 583–91.
    Direct Link:
  • 29
    Werring DJ, Clark CA, Barker GJ, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Diffusion tensor imaging of lesions and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1999; 52: 1626–1632.
  • 30
    Klingberg T, Hedehus M, Temple E, Salz T, Gabrieli J, Moseley M, Poldrack R. Microstructure of temporo-parietal white matter as a basis for reading ability: Evidence from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Neuron 2000; 25: 493–500.
  • 31
    Stejskal EO, Tanner JE. Spin diffusion measurements: spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient. J. Chem. Phys. 1965; 42: 288–292.
  • 32
    Niendorf T, Norris DG, Leibfritz D. Detection of apparent restricted diffusion in healthy rat brain at shot diffusion time. Magn. Reson. Med. 1994; 32: 672–677.
    Direct Link:
  • 33
    Assaf Y, Cohen Y. Detection of different water populations in brain tissue using 2H single- and double-quantum-filtered diffusion NMR spectroscopy. J. Magn. Reson. B 1996; 112: 151–159.
  • 34
    Niendorf T, Dijkhuizen RM, Norris DG, van Lookeren Campagne M, Nicolay K. Biexponential diffusion attenuation in various states of brain tissue: implications for diffusion-weighted imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 1996; 36: 847–857.
    Direct Link:
  • 35
    Stanisz GJ, Szafer A, Wright GA, Henkelman RM. An analytical model for restricted diffusion in bovine optic nerve. Magn. Reson. Med. 1997; 37: 103–111.
    Direct Link:
  • 36
    Assaf Y, Cohen Y. Non-mono-exponential attenuation of water and N-acetyl aspartate signals due to diffusion in brain tissue. J. Magn. Reson. 1998; 131: 69–85.
  • 37
    Mulkern RV, Gugbjartsson H, Westin CF, Zengingonul HP, Gartner W, Guttmann CRG, Robertson RL, Kyriakos W, Schwartz R, Holtzman D, Jolesz FA, Maier SE. Multi-component apparent diffusion coefficients in human brain. NMR Biomed. 1999; 12: 51–62.
    Direct Link:
  • 38
    Mulkern RV, Zengingonul HP, Robertson RL, Bonger P, Zou KH, Gudbjartsson H, Guttmann CRG, Holtzman D, Kyriakos W, Jolesz FA, Maier SE. Multi-component apparent diffusion coefficients in human brain: Relationship to spin-lattice relaxation. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 44: 292–300.
    Direct Link:
  • 39
    Clark CA, Le-Bihan D. Water diffusion compartmentation and anisotropy at high b-values in the human brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 44: 852–859.
    Direct Link:
  • 40
    Inglis BA, Bossart EL, Buckley DL, Wirth ED, Mareci TH. Visualization of neural tissue water compartments using biexponential diffusion tensor MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 45: 580–587.
    Direct Link:
  • 41
    Cory DG, Garroway AN. Measurement of translational displacement probabilities by NMR - An indicator of compartmentation. Magn. Reson. Med. 1990; 14: 435–444.
    Direct Link:
  • 42
    Callaghan PT, Coy A, MacGowan D, Packer KJ, Zelaya FO. Diffraction-like effects in NMR diffusion studies of fluid in porous solids. Nature 1991; 351: 467–469.
  • 43
    Andrasko J. Water diffusion permeability of human erythrocytes studied by a pulsed gradient NMR technique. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1976; 428: 304–311.
  • 44
    van Zijl PC, Moonen C, Faustino P, Pekar J, Kaplan O, Cohen J. Complete separation of intracellular and extracellular information in NMR spectra of perfused cells by diffusion-weighted spectroscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 3228–3232.
  • 45
    Callaghan PT, Codd SL, Seymour JD. Spatial coherence phenomena arising from translational spin motion in gradient spin echo experiments. Concepts Magn. Reson. 1999; 11: 181–202.
    Direct Link:
  • 46
    Price WS. Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for studying translational diffusion. 1. Basic theory. Concepts Magn. Reson. 1997; 9: 299–336.
    Direct Link:
  • 47
    Callaghan P. Pulsed gradient spin echo NMR for planar, cylindrical and spherical pores under conditions of wall relaxation. J. Magn. Reson. A 1995; 113: 53–59.
  • 48
    Coy A, Callaghan PT. Pulsed gradient spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance of molecules diffusing between partially reflecting rectangular barriers. J. Chem. Phys. 1994; 101: 4599–4609.
  • 49
    Snaar JEM, Hills BP. Constant gradient stimulated echo studies of diffusion in porous materials at high spectrometer fields. Magn. Reson. Imag. 1997; 15: 983–992.
  • 50
    Kuchel PW, Coy A, Stilbs P. NMR ‘diffusion-diffraction’ of water revealing alignment of erythrocytes in a magnetic field and their dimensions and membrane transport characteristics. Magn. Reson. Med. 1997; 37: 637–643.
    Direct Link:
  • 51
    Kuchel PW, Durrant CJ. Permeability coefficients from NMR q-space data: Models with unevenly spaced semi-permeable parallel membranes. J. Magn. Reson. 1999; 139: 258–272.
  • 52
    Torres AM, Michniewicz RJ, Chapman BE, Young GAR, Kuchel PW. Characterization of erythrocyte shapes and sizes by NMR diffusion-diffraction of water: Correlations with electron micrographs. Magn. Reson. Imag. 1998; 16: 423–434.
  • 53
    Torres AM, Taurins AT, Regan DG, Chapman BE, Kuchel PW. Assignment of coherence features in NMR q-space plots to particular diffusion modes in erythrocyte suspensions. J. Magn. Reson. 1999; 138: 135–143.
  • 54
    Peled S, Cory DG, Raymond SA, Kirschner DA, Jolesz FA. Water diffusion and compartmentation in frog sciatic nerve. Magn. Reson. Med. 1999; 42: 911–918.
    Direct Link:
  • 55
    Johnson PT, Geller SF, Reese BE. Distribution, size and number of axons in the optic nerve pathway of ground squirrels. Exp. Brain Res. 1998; 118: 93–104.
  • 56
    Mitra PP, Halperin B. Effect of finite gradient pulse width in pulsed-gradient diffusion measurements. J. Magn. Reson. A 1995; 113: 94–101.
  • 57
    Assaf Y, Michal K, Shinar H, Chapman J, Korczyn AD, Navon G, Cohen Y. Early detection of the pathologies in experimental allergic neuritis using high-b-value q-space diffusion MRS. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 9: 509.
  • 58
    Assaf Y, Ben-Bashat D, Peled S, Chapman J, Segev Y, Hendler T, Korczyn AD, Graif M, Cohen Y. Evaluation of the physiological state of white matter by high b-value q-space analyzed diffusion weighted imaging: Applications to multiple sclerosis. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 9: 150.
  • 59
    King MD, Houseman J, Roussel SA, Bruggen N van, Williams SR, Gadian DG. q-Space imaging of the brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 1994; 32: 707–713.
    Direct Link:
  • 60
    King MD, Houseman J, Gadian DG, Connelly A. Localized q-space imaging of the mouse brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 1997; 38: 930–937.
    Direct Link:
  • 61
    Assaf Y, Cohen Y. Diffusion of water and metabolites in brain tissue as a function of the diffusion time. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 1997; 5: 1254.
  • 62
    Assaf Y, Cohen Y. Diffusion MRS and MRI of fibers in bovine optic nerve and in rat brain in vivo. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 1998; 6: 1263.
  • 63
    Assaf Y, Cohen Y. In vivo and in vitro bi-exponential diffusion of N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA) in rat brain: a potential structural probe? NMR Biomed. 1998; 11: 67–74.
    Direct Link:
  • 64
    Assaf Y, Cohen Y. Structural information of neuronal tissue as revealed by q-space diffusion NMR spectroscopy of metabolites in bovine optic nerve. NMR Biomed. 1999; 12: 335–344.
    Direct Link:
  • 65
    Assaf Y, Cohen Y. The sources of diffusion components in neuronal tissue: application to white matter disorders. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 1999; 7: 555.
  • 66
    Assaf Y, Cohen Y. Assignment of the water slow diffusing component in CNS using q-space diffusion MRS: Implications to fiber tract imaging. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 43: 191–199.
    Direct Link:
  • 67
    Assaf Y, Michal K, Shinar H, Chapman J, Korczyn AD, Navon G, Cohen Y. Changes in axonal morphology in experimental allergic neuritis as studied by q-space 1H and 2H DQF diffusion magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn. Reson. Med. 2002; 48: 71–81.
    Direct Link:
  • 68
    Assaf Y, Mayk A, Cohen Y. Displacement imaging of spinal cord using q-space diffusion weighted MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 44: 713–722.
    Direct Link:
  • 69
    Assaf Y, Mayk A, Cohen Y. MRI of demyelination in stroke prone spontaneous hypertensive rats. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 8: 401.
  • 70
    Amar K, Wilcock G. Vascular dementia. Br. Med. J. 1996; 312: 227–231.
  • 71
    van Gijn J. Leukoariosis and vascular dementia. Neurology 1998; 51: 53–58.
  • 72
    Nossin-Manor R, Duvdevani R, Oz R, Cohen Y. Displacement imaging of hemi-crush in rat spinal cord using heavily diffusion-weighted MRI. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 9: 150.
  • 73
    Nossin-Manor R, Duvdevani R, Cohen Y. q-Space high b-value diffusion MRI of hemi-crush in rat spinal cord: Evidence for spontaneous regeneration. Magn. Reson. Imag. 2002; 20: 231–241.
  • 74
    Horner PJ, Gage FH. Regenerating the damaged central nervous system. Nature 2000; 407: 963–970.
  • 75
    Ditunno JF, Graziani V, Tessler A. Neurological assessment of spinal cord injury. Adv. Neurol. 1997; 72: 325–333.
  • 76
    Fenyes DA, Narayana PA. In vivo diffusion characteristics of rat spinal cord. Magn. Reson. Imag. 1999; 17: 717–722.
  • 77
    Franconi F, Lemaire L, Marescaux L, Jallet P, Le Jeune JJ. In vivo quantitative micro-imaging of rat spinal cord at 7T. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 44: 893–898.
    Direct Link:
  • 78
    Inglis BA, Yang L, Wirth III Ed, Plant D, Mareci TH. Diffusion anisotropy in excised normal rat spinal cord measured by NMR microscopy. Magn. Reson. Imag. 1997; 15: 441–450.
  • 79
    Ries M, Jones RA, Dousset V, Moonen CTW. Diffusion tensor MRI of the spinal cord. Magn. Reson. Med. 2000; 44: 884–892.
    Direct Link:
  • 80
    Phillips JT. Rethinking multiple sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 2001; 58: 30–32.
  • 81
    Bastin ME, Armitage PA, Marshall I. A theoretical study of the effect of experimental noise on the measurements of anisotropy in diffusion imaging. Magn. Reson. Imag. 1998; 16: 773–785.
  • 82
    Maier SE, Vajapeyam S, Mamata H, Westin C, Jolesz FA, Mulkern R. Diffusion tensor imaging of the fast and slow diffusion coefficient components in human brain. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 9: 503.
  • 83
    Clark CA, Hedeus M, Moseley M. In vivo mapping of the fast and slow diffusion tensors in human brain. Proc. Int. Soc. Magn. Reson. Med. 2001; 9: 167.
  • 84
    Fazekas F, Barkhof F, Filippi M, Grossman RI, Li DKB, McDonald WI, McFarland HF, Paty DW, Simon JH, Wolinsky JS, Miller DH. The contribution of magnetic resonance imaging to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1999; 53: 448–456.
  • 85
    Barkhof F, van Walderveen M. Characterization of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis by nuclear magnetic resonance. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 1999; 354: 1675–1686.
  • 86
    Cucurella MG, Rovira A, Rio J, Pedraza S, Tintore MM, Montalban X, Alonso J. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. NMR Biomed. 2000; 13: 57–63.
    Direct Link:
  • 87
    Leary SM, Davie CA, Parker GJM, Stevenson VL, Wang LQ, Barker GJ, Miller DH, Thompson AJ. H-1 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of normal appearing white matter in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 1999; 246: 1023–1026.
  • 88
    Tortorella C, Viti B, Bozzali M, Sormani MP, Rizzo G, Gilardi MF, Comi G, Filippi M. A magnetization transfer histogram study of normal-appearing brain tissue in MS. Neurology 2000; 54: 186–193.
  • 89
    Assaf Y, Ben-Bashat D, Chapman J, Peled S, Biton IE, Kafri M, Segev Y, Hendler T, Korczyn AD, Graif M, Cohen Y. High b-value q-space analyzed diffusion-weighted MRI: Application to multiple sclerosis. Magn. Reson. Med. 2002; 47: 115–126.
    Direct Link:
  • 90
    Li TQ, Haggkvist M, Odberg L. Porous structure of cellulose fibers studied by q-space NMR imaging. Langmuir 1997; 13: 3570–3574.
  • 91
    Callaghan PT, Eccles CD, Xia Y. NMR microscopy of dynamic displacements: k-space and q-space imaging. J. Phys. E 1988; 21: 820–822.
  • 92
    Jenner CF, Xia Y, Eccles CD, Callaghan PT. Circulation of water within wheat-grain revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance micro-imaging. Nature 1988; 336: 399–402.
  • 93
    Scheenen TWJ, van Dusschoten D, de Jager PA, Van As H. Microscopic displacement imaging with pulsed field gradient turbo spin-echo NMR. J. Magn. Reson. 2000; 142: 207–215.
  • 94
    Scheenen TWJ, Vergeldt FJ, Windt CW, de Jager PA, Van As H, Microscopic imaging of slow flow and diffusion: A pulsed field gradient stimulated echo sequence combined with turbo spin echo imaging. J. Magn. Reson. 2001; 151: 94–100.
  • 95
    Tuch DS, Wiegell MR, Reese TG, Beliveau JW, Wedeen VJ. Measuring cortico-cortical connectivity matrices with diffusion spectrum imaging. Proc. Int. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 2001; 9: 502.
  • 96
    Wiegell MR, Reese TG, Tuch DS, Sorensen AG, Wedeen VJ. Diffusion spectrum imaging of fiber white matter degeneration. Proc. Int. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 2001; 9: 504.
View Full Article (HTML) Get PDF (923K)